The understanding and prediction of physical processes in the Earth space environment has become the main focus by solar and magnetospheric scientists. The Second UK-Ukraine meeting on Solar Physics and Space Science held in Kiev, Ukraine on 16–20 September 2013 was devoted to these problems. The meeting was very successful and gathered more than 50 participants from 10 countries. A broad range of aspects of solar physics, space science and solar-terrestrial relations was covered. The purpose of "Observation, analysis and modelling of solar and heliospheric processes" special issue is to present the novel results reported during the meeting. We kindly invite the participants and other researchers to submit their results to this special issue of Annales Geophysicae.