Annales Geophysicae
Annales Geophysicae
ANGEO
Articles | Volume 43, issue 2
Articles | Volume 43, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-43-633-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-43-633-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 43, issue 2
Regular paper
 | 
20 Oct 2025
Regular paper |  | 20 Oct 2025

Toolkit for incoherent scatter radar experiment design and applications to EISCAT_3D

Spencer Mark Hatch, Ilkka Virtanen, Karl Magnus Laundal, Habtamu Wubie Tesfaw, Juha Vierinen, Devin Ray Huyghebaert, Andres Spicher, and Jens Christian Hessen

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Short summary
This study addresses the design of next-generation incoherent scatter radar experiments used to study the ionosphere, particularly with systems that have multiple sites. We have developed a method to estimate uncertainties of measurements of plasma density, temperature, and ion drift. Our method is open-source, and helps to optimize radar configurations and assess the effectiveness of an experiment. This method ultimately serves to enhance our understanding of Earth's space environment.
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