Annales Geophysicae
Annales Geophysicae
ANGEO
Articles | Volume 40, issue 6
Articles | Volume 40, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-687-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-687-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 40, issue 6
Regular paper
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15 Dec 2022
Regular paper | Highlight paper |  | 15 Dec 2022

Solar wind magnetic holes can cross the bow shock and enter the magnetosheath

Tomas Karlsson, Henriette Trollvik, Savvas Raptis, Hans Nilsson, and Hadi Madanian

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Latest update: 28 Oct 2025
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This study identifies magnetic holes in the solar wind and in the terrestrial magnetosheath through multipoint magnetic field and plasma measurements by the Cluster mission. The observations show that the magnetic holes can penetrate the bow shock and enter the magnetosheath. The study suggests that the solar wind magnetic holes may also interact with the magnetopause, representing a new type of localised solar wind-magnetosphere interaction.
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Short summary
Magnetic holes are curious localized dropouts of magnetic field strength in the solar wind (the flow of ionized gas continuously streaming out from the sun). In this paper we show that these magnetic holes can cross the bow shock (where the solar wind brake down to subsonic velocity) and enter the region close to Earth’s magnetosphere. These structures may therefore represent a new type of non-uniform solar wind–magnetosphere interaction.
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