Annales Geophysicae
Annales Geophysicae
ANGEO
Articles | Volume 39, issue 4
Articles | Volume 39, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-701-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-701-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 39, issue 4
Regular paper
 | 
20 Jul 2021
Regular paper |  | 20 Jul 2021

A new perspective and explanation for the formation of plasmaspheric shoulder structures

Hua Zhang, Guangshuai Peng, Chao Shen, and Yewen Wu

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Short summary
In this paper, we propose a new explanation for shoulder-like formations based on the test particle model. The simulation reproduced three shoulders in a substorm case. The physical explanation of shoulder formation is not yet understood. The paper suggests that the physical mechanism of shoulder formation is the result of plasma extrusion in the predawn sector, caused by the outer plasmasphere drifting radially outward and rotating faster.
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