Annales Geophysicae
Annales Geophysicae
ANGEO
Articles | Volume 38, issue 6
Articles | Volume 38, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-1159-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-1159-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 38, issue 6
Regular paper
 | 
03 Nov 2020
Regular paper |  | 03 Nov 2020

High-latitude crochet: solar-flare-induced magnetic disturbance independent from low-latitude crochet

Masatoshi Yamauchi, Magnar G. Johnsen, Carl-Fredrik Enell, Anders Tjulin, Anna Willer, and Dmitry A. Sormakov

Supplement

https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-1159-2020-supplement

Data sets

NCEI Solar Data Cervices, Solar X-ray Flares from the GOES satellite 1975 to present National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/solar/solarflares.html

NCEI Satellite Data Services, GOES Data & Information National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/satellite/goes/dataaccess.html

PGOES X-Ray Flux Archive A. Mueller https://www.polarlicht-vorhersage.de/goes-archive

ACE Level 2 (Verified) Data Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) Science Center http://www.srl.caltech.edu/ACE/ASC/level2/index.html

OMNIWeb National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ow.html

Plot and data output of ASY/SYM and AE indices World Data Center (WDC) C2 for Geomagnetism in Kyoto http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/aeasy/index.html

Geomagnetic Data Tromso Geophysical Observatory (TGO) https://flux.phys.uit.no/geomag.html

Magnetometer Data SuperMAG site http://supermag.jhuapl.edu/mag/

Kiruna Magnetogram, Data in IAGA format Swedish Institute of Space Physics (IRF) http://www.irf.se/maggraphs/iaga/

Madrigal Database The EISCAT Scientific Accociation https://portal.eiscat.se/madrigal/

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Short summary
The paper reports a new finding on space weather effects at around 70–75 ° geographic latitudes. We found that X flares cause an unexpectedly strong ionospheric current driven by solar flares. The effect is as large as a substorm that is known to cause strong auroras and may enhance ongoing substorms. However, it has been overlooked in the past due to the narrow latitudinal range at high latitudes. Since severe magnetic storms often occur with X flares, this may cause geomagnetic hazards.
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