Annales Geophysicae
Annales Geophysicae
ANGEO
Articles | Volume 34, issue 9
Articles | Volume 34, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-815-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-815-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Articles | Volume 34, issue 9
Regular paper
 | 
21 Sep 2016
Regular paper |  | 21 Sep 2016

Numerical study of the generation and propagation of ultralow-frequency waves by artificial ionospheric F region modulation at different latitudes

Xiang Xu, Chen Zhou, Run Shi, Binbin Ni, Zhengyu Zhao, and Yuannong Zhang

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Short summary
ULF waves can be generated by modulated HF heating in the ionospheric F region, which has long been considered for secure communication with submarines. In this paper we study the effects of background parameters on the process of ULF wave generation and propagation by using a numerical simulation. We find that wave radiation efficiency is higher in the daytime ionosphere at lower latitudes, while ground wave intensity is larger in the nighttime ionosphere with lower modulation frequency.
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