The study examined the diurnal and seasonal variations in total electron content (TEC) over Nigeria. The derived GPS TEC across all the stations demonstrated consistent minimum diurnal variations during the pre-sunrise hours, increased with a sharp gradient during the sunrise period, attained a postnoon maximum at about 14:00 LT, and then fell to a minimum just before sunset. The seasonal variation depicted a semi-annual distribution with higher values around equinoxes than solstices.

We present multi-instrument measurements and multi-technique analysis of polar cap patches observed early during the recovery phase of the major magnetic storm of November 20 2003. During this event, the Qaanaaq imager observed variable airglow brightness of the patches between 20:33 and 20:43UT, probably associated with a large-scale gravity wave. Our numerical results indicate that variations in the airglow intensity up to 265R can be produced by a constant 70m/s downward vertical wind.