96 citations as recorded by crossref.

1. The Signature of Sporadic E of an Equatorial Ionosphere of the Low Latitude Region A. Olalekan David et al. https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24APR1681
2. Meteor radar wind over Chung-Li (24.9°N, 121°E), Taiwan, for the period 10-25 November 2012 which includes Leonid meteor shower: Comparison with empirical model and satellite measurements C. Su et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013RS005273
3. Sporadic E tidal variabilities and characteristics observed with the Cyprus Digisonde C. Oikonomou et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2014.07.014
4. Derivation of global ionospheric Sporadic E critical frequency ( f o Es) data from the amplitude variations in GPS/GNSS radio occultations B. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200320
5. Migrating and nonmigrating tidal signatures in sporadic E layer occurrence rates C. Jacobi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-20-85-2023
6. On the Relationship Between E Region Scintillation and ENSO Observed by FORMOSAT‐3/COSMIC L. Chang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA025299
7. Coordinated sporadic E layer observations made with Chung-Li 30MHz radar, ionosonde and FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellites Y. Chu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2010.10.004
8. Comprehensive study of sporadic-E formation and time evolution using wind shear theory, radio occultation, and distributed ionosonde observations K. Masjedjamei & A. Mahmoudian https://doi.org/10.1007/s11600-026-01820-9
9. Wavenumber‐4 Patterns of the Sporadic E Over the Middle‐ and Low‐Latitudes Z. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029238
10. Morphology and dynamics of daytime mid-latitude sporadic-E patches revealed by GPS total electron content observations in Japan J. Maeda & K. Heki https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-015-0257-4
11. Study of sporadic E layers based on GPS radio occultation measurements and digisonde data over the Brazilian region L. Resende et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-587-2018
12. The Mid‐ to High‐Latitude Migrating Semidiurnal Tide: Results From a Mechanistic Tide Model and SuperDARN Observations W. van Caspel et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036007
13. Effects of the Northern Hemisphere sudden stratospheric warmings on the Sporadic-E layers in the Brazilian sector P. Fontes et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2024.106199
14. Statistically analyzing the effect of ionospheric irregularity on GNSS radio occultation atmospheric measurement M. Li & X. Yue https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3003-2021
15. Dynamics of Mid‐Latitude Sporadic‐E and Its Impact on HF Propagation in the North American Sector B. Kunduri et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA031455
16. Strong Sporadic E Occurrence Detected by Ground‐Based GNSS W. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA025133
17. On the necessity of using foμEs instead of foEs in estimating the intensity and variability of sporadic E layers C. Haldoupis et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2020.105327
18. The Evolution of Complex Es Observed by Multi Instruments Over Low‐Latitude China W. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027656
19. Statistical study of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances in low-latitude ionosphere using an automatic algorithm P. Cheng et al. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-021-01432-1
20. Numerical Simulations of Metallic Ion Density Perturbations in Sporadic E Layers Caused by Gravity Waves L. Qiu et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023EA003030
21. Quiet and Disturbed Time Characteristics of Blanketing Es (Esb) During Solar Cycle 23 V. Yadav et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA023911
22. Variation Characteristics of the Ionospheric E Layer over the Tibetan Plateau and Surrounding Areas During a Full Solar Cycle H. Tang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17223713
23. Global morphology of ionospheric sporadic E layer from the FormoSat-3/COSMIC GPS radio occultation experiment L. Tsai et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-018-0782-2
24. Electron density retrieval from occulting GNSS signals using a gradient-aided inversion technique I. Kulikov et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2010.07.002
25. Morphology of Ionospheric Sporadic E Layer Intensity Based on COSMIC Occultation Data in the Midlatitude and Low‐Latitude Regions J. Niu et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA026828
26. Global Structure and Seasonal Variations of the Tidal Amplitude in Sporadic‐E Layer Q. Tang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JA030711
27. An Empirical Model of the Ionospheric Sporadic E Layer Based on GNSS Radio Occultation Data B. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003113
28. Ionospheric electron density modelling using B-splines and constraint optimization G. Lalgudi Gopalakrishnan & M. Schmidt https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-022-01693-4
29. On the Necessity of Using <i>foμEs</i> Instead of Foes in Estimating&nbsp;The Intensity and Variability of Sporadic E Layers C. Haldoupis et al. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3586276
30. Satellite observations of middle atmosphere–thermosphere vertical coupling by gravity waves Q. Trinh et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-425-2018
31. Autonomous identification and classification of ionospheric sporadicEin digital ionograms P. Ghosh & F. Berkey https://doi.org/10.1002/2014EA000091
32. Characterizing global equatorial sporadic-E layers through COSMIC GNSS radio occultation measurements A. Seif & S. Panda https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-024-04326-2
33. Variation characteristics of sporadic-E layer in East Asia based on long-term data H. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-6243-2026
34. Ionospheric S4 Scintillations from GNSS Radio Occultation (RO) at Slant Path D. Wu https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12152373
35. 6 year mean prevailing winds and tides measured by VHF meteor radar over Collm (51.3°N, 13.0°E) C. Jacobi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2011.04.010
36. Ionospheric irregularity reconstruction using multisource data fusion via deep learning P. Tian et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13413-2023
37. Understanding the Diurnal Cycle of Midlatitude Sporadic E. The Role of Metal Atoms C. Haldoupis et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA031336
38. Diurnal variations in characteristics of sporadic layer Eₛ over Irkutsk E. Voronova & K. Ratovsky https://doi.org/10.12737/szf-111202507
39. Case study on complex sporadic E layers observed by GPS radio occultations X. Yue et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-225-2015
40. Daytime twin-peak structures observed at southern African and European middle latitudes on 8–13 April 2012 Z. Katamzi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-581-2016
41. An attempt to inverse the ionospheric sporadic-E layer critical frequency based on the COSMIC radio occultation data J. Niu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2018.10.029
42. Numerical Investigation on the Height and Intensity Variations of Sporadic E Layers at Mid‐Latitude L. Qiu et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA031508
43. On the occurrence of F region irregularities over Haikou retrieved from COSMIC GPS radio occultation and ground‐based ionospheric scintillation monitor observations X. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016RS006014
44. Estimation Model of Global Ionospheric Irregularities: An Artificial Intelligence Approach P. Tian et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003160
45. New global electron density observations from GPS-RO in the D- and E-Region ionosphere D. Wu https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2017.07.013
46. Diurnal variations in characteristics of sporadic layer Eₛ over Irkutsk E. Voronova & K. Ratovsky https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-111202507
47. Two-dimensional observations of midlatitude sporadicEirregularities with a dense GPS array in Japan J. Maeda & K. Heki https://doi.org/10.1002/2013RS005295
48. Long‐Term Variations and Residual Trends in the E, F, and Sporadic E (Es) Layer Over Juliusruh, Europe M. Sivakandan et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JA031097
49. Enhanced sporadic &lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt; occurrence rates during the Geminid meteor showers 2006–2010 C. Jacobi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-11-313-2013
50. Sounding of sporadic E layers from China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) radio occultation and comparing with ionosonde measurements C. Gan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-463-2022
51. The 8-h tide in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere over Collm (51.3° N; 13.0° E), 2004–2011 C. Jacobi & T. Fytterer https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-10-265-2012
52. Global distribution of neutral wind shear associated with sporadic E layers derived from GAIA H. Shinagawa et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA023778
53. Occurrence and Variations of Middle and Low Latitude Sporadic E Layer Investigated With Longitudinal and Latitudinal Chains of Ionosondes Q. Tang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021SW002942
54. Global distribution of the migrating terdiurnal tide seen in sporadic E occurrence frequencies obtained from GPS radio occultations T. Fytterer et al. https://doi.org/10.1186/1880-5981-66-79
55. Coherent structures in the Es layer and neutral middle atmosphere Z. Mošna et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2015.06.007
56. Comparison of the tidal signatures in sporadic E and vertical ion convergence rate, using FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC radio occultation observations and GAIA model S. Sobhkhiz-Miandehi et al. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-022-01637-y
57. Concept of Sporadic E Monitoring Using Space-Based Low Power Multiple Beacon-Systems J. Vanhamel et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15111306
58. Principle of Locality and Analysis of Radio Occultation Data A. Pavelyev et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2012.2225629
59. The influence of tidal winds in the formation of blanketing sporadic e-layer over equatorial Brazilian region L. Resende et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2017.06.009
60. Occurrences of Regional Strong Es Irregularities and Corresponding Scintillations Characterized Using a High‐Temporal‐Resolution GNSS Network W. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029460
61. Retrospect and prospect of ionospheric weather observed by FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC and FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 T. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44195-022-00019-x
62. GNSS-RO residual ionospheric error (RIE): a new method and assessment D. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-843-2025
63. Gravity-wave-perturbed wind shears derived from SABER temperature observations X. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14437-2020
64. Comparative Study of the Es Layer between the Plateau and Plain Regions in China W. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122871
65. Sporadic E morphology of East Asia H. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.11728/cjss2014.01.038
66. Difference in the Sporadic E Layer Occurrence Ratio Between the Southern and Northern Low Magnetic Latitude Regions as Observed by COSMIC Radio Occultation Data J. Niu https://doi.org/10.1029/2020SW002635
67. Quarterdiurnal signature in sporadic E occurrence rates and comparison with neutral wind shear C. Jacobi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-273-2019
68. Exploring Earth's atmosphere with radio occultation: contributions to weather, climate and space weather R. Anthes https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-1077-2011
69. Terdiurnal signatures in sporadic &lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt; layers at midlatitudes T. Fytterer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-11-333-2013
70. Coupling between parameters of Es layer and planetary waves during SSW 2008, 2010 N. Korenkova et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2015.07.031
71. Formation of sporadic-E (Es) layers under the influence of AGWs evolving in a horizontal shear flow G. Didebulidze et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2015.09.012
72. An Empirical Model of the Sporadic E Layer Intensity Based on COSMIC Radio Occultation Observations J. Niu & H. Fang https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003280
73. Occurrence features of intermediate descending layer and Sporadic E observed over the higher mid-latitude ionospheric station of Moscow C. Oikonomou et al. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-023-01796-6
74. Gravity wave momentum fluxes in the MLT—Part I: Seasonal variation at Collm (51.3°N, 13.0°E) M. Placke et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2010.07.012
75. Examining the Wind Shear Theory of Sporadic E With ICON/MIGHTI Winds and COSMIC‐2 Radio Occultation Data Y. Yamazaki et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096202
76. Evidence of anti-correlation between sporadic (Es) layers occurrence and solar activity observed at low latitudes over the Brazilian sector P. Fontes et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2023.09.040
77. Effects of the terdiurnal tide on the sporadic E (Es) layer development at low latitudes over the Brazilian sector P. Fontes et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-209-2023
78. Investigating wind shear theory associated with Sporadic-E layer formation using WACCM-X and HWM models, ionosondes, and radio occultation K. Jamei & A. Mahmoudian https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2025.11.057
79. On the role of tidal winds in the descending of the high type of sporadic layer (Esh) F. Conceição-Santos et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2019.11.024
80. Estimation of ionospheric sporadic E intensities from GPS radio occultation measurements C. Arras & J. Wickert https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2017.08.006
81. Midlatitude Sporadic E. A Typical Paradigm of Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling C. Haldoupis https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-011-9786-8
82. Analysis of the Sporadic-E Layer Behavior in Different American Stations during the Days around the September 2017 Geomagnetic Storm L. Resende et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101714
83. Morphology of sporadic E layer retrieved from COSMIC GPS radio occultation measurements: Wind shear theory examination Y. Chu et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JA019437
84. Characteristics of sporadic E layer in Japan based on multi-station detection J. Feng et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.569848
85. Global Response of the Ionosphere to Atmospheric Tides Forced from Below: Recent Progress Based on Satellite Measurements D. Pancheva & P. Mukhtarov https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-011-9837-1
86. Relationship Between Wavenumber 4 Pattern of Sporadic E Layer Intensity and Eastward Propagating Diurnal Tide With Zonal Wavenumber 3 in Low Latitude Region J. Niu https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028985
87. The Occurrence of Sporadic-E Layer over Equatorial Anomaly Crest Region Bhopal . Hafsa Siddiqui et al. https://doi.org/10.1134/S001679321808008X
88. Simulations of blanketing sporadic E-layer over the Brazilian sector driven by tidal winds L. Araujo Resende et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2016.12.012
89. Tidal wind shear observed by meteor radar and comparison with sporadic E occurrence rates based on GPS radio occultation observations C. Jacobi & C. Arras https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-17-213-2019
90. Longitudinal Structure in the Altitude of the Sporadic E Observed by COSMIC in Low-Latitudes Z. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13224714
91. Sporadic Structures in the Equatorial Ionosphere from the GPS—Formosat-3 Radio-Occultation Experiments S. Matyugov et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11141-015-9597-y
92. Deriving Ionospheric Sporadic E Intensity From FORMOSAT‐3/COSMIC and FY‐3C Radio Occultation Measurements T. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003214
93. Interferometry Observations of the Gravity Wave Effect on the Sporadic E Layer C. Seid et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14060987
94. A Case Study of the Solar and Lunar Semidiurnal Tide Response to the 2013 Sudden Stratospheric Warming W. van Caspel et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA031680
95. EsTRACE—Es-Layer TRAnsient Cloud Explorer: PlanarSat Mission Concept and Early-Phase Design (Bid, CoDR, PDR) for Sporadic-E Sensing M. Uludağ & A. Aslan https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010425
96. Occurrence of pre-sunset L-band scintillation due to strong presence of sporadic-E over Arabian Peninsula M. Shaikh et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2020.02.011