Articles | Volume 19, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-19-1107-2001
© Author(s) 2001. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-19-1107-2001
© Author(s) 2001. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
30 Sep 2001
Time derivative of the horizontal geomagnetic field as an activity indicator
A. Viljanen
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Geophysical Research Division, P.O. Box 503, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland
H. Nevanlinna
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Geophysical Research Division, P.O. Box 503, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland
K. Pajunpää
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Geophysical Research Division, P.O. Box 503, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland
A. Pulkkinen
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Geophysical Research Division, P.O. Box 503, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland
Viewed
Total article views: 3,758 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 01 Feb 2013)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,794 | 1,864 | 100 | 3,758 | 153 | 179 |
- HTML: 1,794
- PDF: 1,864
- XML: 100
- Total: 3,758
- BibTeX: 153
- EndNote: 179
Cited
135 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Estimating Geomagnetically Induced Currents in Southern Brazil Using 3‐D Earth Resistivity Model K. Espinosa et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003166
- Space weather impact on ground-based technological systems V. Pilipenko https://doi.org/10.12737/szf-73202106
- Harmonic quiet-day curves as magnetometer baselines for ionospheric current analyses M. van de Kamp https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2-289-2013
- The Challenge Posed by Space Weather to High‐Voltage Electricity Flows: Evidence From Ontario, Canada, and New York State, USA K. Forbes & O. St. Cyr https://doi.org/10.1029/2019SW002231
- Ionospheric current contributions to Geomagnetically Induced Currents risk during geomagnetic storms N. Kouassi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2026.04.031
- Geomagnetic Field Variability Analysis Based on Polar Diagrams A. Khokhlov et al. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351320060038
- Drivers of rapid geomagnetic variations at high latitudes L. Juusola et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-13-2023
- The Response of Ionospheric Currents to External Drivers Investigated Using a Neural Network‐Based Model X. Cao et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023SW003506
- Joint Analysis With Swarm and Ground Stations: Ionospheric Current System and Geomagnetically Induced Currents C. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JA034698
- Simultaneous Mesoscale Polar Cusp Field‐Aligned Currents Measured on Mid‐ and Low‐Altitude Satellites X. Dong et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL102460
- Forecasting the Probability of Large Rates of Change of the Geomagnetic Field in the UK: Timescales, Horizons, and Thresholds A. Smith et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021SW002788
- Newly Digitized Data From Scandinavian Magnetometer Array Network Shows Large Regional Differences in Magnetic Environment O. Kärhä & E. Tanskanen https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JA030311
- Algorithm for Analysis of Power Grid Vulnerability to Geomagnetic Disturbances O. Sokolova et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018SW001931
- Space weather impact on ground-based technological systems V. Pilipenko https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-73202106
- Extreme Geomagnetic Disturbances (GMDs) Observed in Eastern Arctic Canada: Occurrence Characteristics and Solar Cycle Dependence M. Engebretson et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA031643
- Spatial distribution of auroral precipitation and failures in railway automatics at the north of European Russia Y. Sakharov et al. https://doi.org/10.12737/szf-104202412
- Geomagnetic variations and their time derivatives during geomagnetic storms at different levels of intensity J. Watermann & H. Gleisner https://doi.org/10.2478/s11600-008-0045-7
- Solar activity and economic fundamentals: Evidence from 12 geographically disparate power grids K. Forbes & O. St. Cyr https://doi.org/10.1029/2007SW000350
- The Complex Space Weather Events of 2017 September R. Hajra et al. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aba2c5
- Space-Weather-Driven Geomagnetic- and Telluric-Field Variability in Northwestern Russia in Correlation with Geoelectrical Structure and Currents Induced in Electric-Power Grids E. Sokolova et al. https://doi.org/10.1134/S000143381911015X
- The Influence of Substorms on Extreme Rates of Change of the Surface Horizontal Magnetic Field in the United Kingdom M. Freeman et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018SW002148
- Long‐Lasting Geomagnetically Induced Currents and Harmonic Distortion Observed in New Zealand During the 7–8 September 2017 Disturbed Period M. Clilverd et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018SW001822
- Spectral characteristic of geomagnetically induced current during geomagnetic storms by wavelet techniques B. Adhikari et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2018.01.020
- Geomagnetic disturbance effects on satellite attitude estimation D. Cilden-Guler et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.12.044
- The Correspondence Between Sudden Commencements and Geomagnetically Induced Currents: Insights From New Zealand A. Smith et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021SW002983
- High-latitude geomagnetically induced current events observed on very low frequency radio wave receiver systems M. Clilverd et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009RS004215
- Intense dB/dt Variations Driven by Near‐Earth Bursty Bulk Flows (BBFs): A Case Study D. Wei et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091781
- Induced currents due to 3D ground conductivity play a major role in the interpretation of geomagnetic variations L. Juusola et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-983-2020
- Geomagnetically induced currents during intense storms driven by coronal mass ejections and corotating interacting regions R. Kataoka & A. Pulkkinen https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012487
- Geomagnetically induced currents in Europe A. Viljanen et al. https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2014006
- Power line harmonic radiation observed by the DEMETER spacecraft at 50/60 Hz and low harmonics F. Němec et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021682
- Geospace Environment Modeling 2008–2009 Challenge: Ground magnetic field perturbations A. Pulkkinen et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010SW000600
- Analysis of the Geoelectric Field in Sweden Over Solar Cycles 23 and 24: Spatial and Temporal Variability During Strong GIC Events V. Lanabere et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023SW003588
- Deriving the geomagnetically induced electric field at the Earth’s surface from the time derivative of the vertical magnetic field H. Vanhamäki et al. https://doi.org/10.5047/eps.2013.03.013
- Ensemble deep learning models for prediction and uncertainty quantification of ground magnetic perturbation T. Siddique & M. Mahmud https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2022.1031407
- Geomagnetically induced currents in Norway: the northernmost high-voltage power grid in the world M. Myllys et al. https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2014007
- Generation of 100‐year geomagnetically induced current scenarios A. Pulkkinen et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011SW000750
- Frequency Considerations in GIC Applications L. Trichtchenko https://doi.org/10.1029/2020SW002694
- April 2000 magnetic storm: Solar wind driver and magnetospheric response K. Huttunen et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JA009154
- Spatiotemporal scaling properties of the ground geomagnetic field variations A. Pulkkinen et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JA011294
- The GIC and Geomagnetic Response Over Fennoscandia to the 7–8 September 2017 Geomagnetic Storm A. Dimmock et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018SW002132
- Latitude dependence of long-term geomagnetic activity and its solar wind drivers M. Myllys et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-573-2015
- Ground geomagnetic field and GIC response to March 17, 2015, storm O. Kozyreva et al. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-018-0933-2
- Three principal components describe the spatiotemporal development of mesoscale ionospheric equivalent currents around substorm onsets L. Juusola et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-483-2023
- Analyzing the Variation of Lyapunov Exponents of the Time Derivatives of the Horizontal Geomagnetic Field during the Geomagnetic Storm E. Falayi et al. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793221080065
- Exploring predictive performance: A reanalysis of the geospace model transition challenge D. Welling et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016SW001505
- Geomagnetically induced potential on pipelines: A probabilistic approach G. Lucca https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2023.12.043
- Spectral analysis of geomagnetically induced current and local magnetic field during the 17 March 2013 geomagnetic storm W. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2022.02.025
- Geomagnetic Pulsations Driving Geomagnetically Induced Currents M. Heyns et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020SW002557
- An anatomy of space weather's electricity market impact: Case of the PJM power grid and the performance of its 500 kV transformers K. Forbes & O. St. Cyr https://doi.org/10.1029/2009SW000498
- Ionospheric equivalent current distributions determined with the method of spherical elementary current systems A. Pulkkinen et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JA005085
- The time derivative of the geomagnetic field has a short memory M. Kellinsalmi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-545-2022
- Climatological Statistics of Extreme Geomagnetic Fluctuations With Periods From 1 s to 60 min N. Rogers et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021SW002824
- Assessment of space weather modeling capabilities and transition to operations M. Kuznetsova et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2026.03.027
- Sudden Commencements and Geomagnetically Induced Currents in New Zealand: Correlations and Dependance A. Smith et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023SW003731
- Power grid disturbances and polar cap index during geomagnetic storms P. Stauning https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2013044
- Distribution Characteristics of the Geomagnetic Induced Currents at High Latitude during Solar Cycle 23 and 24 J. WEI et al. https://doi.org/10.11728/cjss2021.04.537
- Measurements and Simulations of the Geomagnetically Induced Currents in Low‐Latitude Power Networks During Geomagnetic Storms J. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020SW002549
- Validating the LDi and LCi Indices in the Southern Hemisphere E. Nahayo et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003092
- Measurements of geomagnetically induced current in a power grid in Hokkaido, Japan S. Watari et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008SW000417
- Estimation of geomagnetically induced current levels from different input data A. Pulkkinen et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006SW000229
- Statistical investigation of large geomagnetically induced current disturbance events: relationships with geomagnetic storms and interplanetary sources W. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2026.1795941
- The Influence of Sudden Commencements on the Rate of Change of the Surface Horizontal Magnetic Field in the United Kingdom A. Smith et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019SW002281
- Statistics on Omega Band Properties and Related Geomagnetic Variations M. Vokhmyanin et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029468
- Probability distribution invariance of 1‐minute auroral‐zone geomagnetic field fluctuations R. Weigel & D. Baker https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018470
- Revisiting the Ground Magnetic Field Perturbations Challenge: A Machine Learning Perspective V. Pinto et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2022.869740
- The Impact of Sudden Commencements on Ground Magnetic Field Variability: Immediate and Delayed Consequences A. Smith et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021SW002764
- Geomagnetic activity indicators for geomagnetically induced current studies in South Africa C. Ngwira et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2011.03.042
- Spatial scale of geomagnetic Pc5/Pi3 pulsations as a factor of their efficiency in generation of geomagnetically induced currents N. Yagova et al. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-021-01407-2
- A comparison of methods to compute the rate of horizontal geomagnetic field variation S. Fielding et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-43-687-2025
- Recordings of geomagnetically induced currents and a nowcasting service of the Finnish natural gas pipeline system A. Viljanen et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006SW000234
- Evaluation of dB/dt amplitudes and sources over the Brazilian region during geomagnetic storms in the 2021–2022 biennium G. Silva et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2024.106196
- Effects of CME-induced Geomagnetic Storm on Geomagnetic Induced Current at High and Middle Latitudes N. Mohamad Ansor & Z. Hamidi https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2287/1/012035
- Assessment of Geomagnetically Induced Currents Impact on Power Grid Modelling S. Gritsutenko et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetism3020011
- Impulsive disturbances of the geomagnetic field as a cause of induced currents of electric power lines V. Belakhovsky et al. https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2019015
- A Gray‐Box Model for a Probabilistic Estimate of Regional Ground Magnetic Perturbations: Enhancing the NOAA Operational Geospace Model With Machine Learning E. Camporeale et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027684
- The Gannon Storm's Impact on Electric and Magnetic Fields in Italy: A Regional Perspective G. Pignatiello et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025SW004554
- Characteristics of the variability of a geomagnetic field for studying the impact of the magnetic storms and substorms on electrical energy systems V. Belakhovsky et al. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351318010032
- Influence of spatial variations of the geoelectric field on geomagnetically induced currents A. Viljanen & R. Pirjola https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2017024
- Solar wind drivers of large geomagnetically induced currents during the solar cycle 23 K. Huttunen et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007SW000374
- Long‐Term Geomagnetically Induced Current Observations From New Zealand: Peak Current Estimates for Extreme Geomagnetic Storms C. Rodger et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017SW001691
- Excursions of Interhemispheric Field‐Aligned Currents in Africa O. Owolabi et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JA025083
- SECS Analysis of Nighttime Magnetic Perturbation Events Observed in Arctic Canada J. Weygand et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029839
- Analysis of Geomagnetic and Geoelectric Fields During Geomagnetic Storm Time Variation Using Wavelet Approach E. Falayi et al. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793222040077
- On the Regional Variability of dB/dt and Its Significance to GIC A. Dimmock et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020SW002497
- Sensitivity of Ground Magnetometer Array Elements for GIC Applications I: Resolving Spatial Scales With the BEAR and CARISMA Arrays S. Dimitrakoudis et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021SW002919
- Modeling Geomagnetically Induced Currents in Dominion Virginia Power Using Extreme 100-Year Geoelectric Field Scenarios—Part 1 E. Bernabeu https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2012.2224141
- The science case for the EISCAT_3D radar I. McCrea et al. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-015-0051-8
- The predictive power of magnetospheric models for estimating ground magnetic field variation in the United Kingdom E. Florczak et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2023.1095971
- Distribution and Occurrence Frequency of dB/dt Spikes During Magnetic Storms 1980–2020 A. Schillings et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021SW002953
- High-latitude magnetic fields and their time derivatives: interhemispheric similarities A. Viljanen & E. Tanskanen https://doi.org/10.5047/eps.2012.05.014
- Community‐wide validation of geospace model ground magnetic field perturbation predictions to support model transition to operations A. Pulkkinen et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/swe.20056
- Auroral Omega Bands are a Significant Cause of Large Geomagnetically Induced Currents S. Apatenkov et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086677
- The March 1940 Superstorm: Geoelectromagnetic Hazards and Impacts on American Communication and Power Systems J. Love et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003379
- Long‐term geomagnetically induced current observations in New Zealand: Earth return corrections and geomagnetic field driver D. Mac Manus et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017SW001635
- Coupling of the solar wind to temporal fluctuations in ground magnetic fields R. Weigel et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL014740
- Intense Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs): Association with Solar and Geomagnetic Activities R. Hajra https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-021-01945-8
- Statistical Temporal Variations in the Auroral Electrojet Estimated With Ground Magnetometers in Fennoscandia S. Walker et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003305
- Global-GMDs: The global map of geomagnetic disturbances H. Hu & Z. Xu https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2023.101619
- Solar wind control of ionospheric equivalent currents and their time derivatives L. Juusola et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021204
- Interhemispheric Comparisons of Large Nighttime Magnetic Perturbation Events Relevant to GICs M. Engebretson et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028128
- Space Weather Disturbances in Non‐Stormy Times: Occurrence of dB/dt Spikes During Three Solar Cycles M. Hamrin et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA031804
- Magnetic and electric field variations during geomagnetically active days over Turkey E. Kalafatoğlu Eyigüler & Z. Kaymaz https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2017.07.019
- Localized geomagnetic disturbances: a statistical analysis of spatial scale R. Mukundan et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2025.1610276
- THE USE OF HORIZONTAL GEOMAGNETIC FIELD COMPONENTS FOR ESTIMATION OF GEOMAGNETICALLY INDUCED CURRENT OVER TURKEY DURING SPACE WEATHER EVENTS E. TİMOÇİN & S. ERAT https://doi.org/10.31127/tuje.572457
- Recommendations for Next‐Generation Ground Magnetic Perturbation Validation D. Welling et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018SW002064
- Auroral Drivers of Large dB∕dt During Geomagnetic Storms Y. Zou et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003121
- Geomagnetically induced currents in an electric power transmission system at low latitudes in Brazil: A case study N. Trivedi et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006SW000282
- Regional estimation of geomagnetically induced currents based on the local magnetic or electric field A. Viljanen et al. https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2015022
- Spatial distribution of auroral precipitation and failures in railway automatics at the north of European Russia Y. Sakharov et al. https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-104202412
- Geomagnetically induced currents during the 07–08 September 2017 disturbed period: a global perspective M. Clilverd et al. https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021014
- S‐transform view of geomagnetically induced currents during geomagnetic superstorms A. Pulkkinen & R. Kataoka https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL025822
- The Challenge Posed by Geomagnetic Activity to Electric Power Reliability: Evidence From England and Wales K. Forbes & O. St. Cyr https://doi.org/10.1002/2017SW001668
- The impact of coronal mass ejection on the horizontal geomagnetic fields and the induced geoelectric fields E. Falayi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2017.11.005
- A global climatological model of extreme geomagnetic field fluctuations N. Rogers et al. https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020008
- Investigating the Role of Magnetosheath High‐Speed Jets in Triggering Dayside Ground Magnetic Ultra‐Low Frequency Waves B. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL099768
- Extreme value analysis of the time derivative of the horizontal magnetic field and computed electric field P. Wintoft et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-485-2016
- Solar wind driven empirical forecast models of the time derivative of the ground magnetic field P. Wintoft et al. https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2015008
- Modelling of geomagnetically induced currents during geomagnetic storms using geoelectric fields and auroral electrojet indices E. Falayi & N. Beloff https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-012-0108-0
- Modeling the Geomagnetic Response to the September 2017 Space Weather Event Over Fennoscandia Using the Space Weather Modeling Framework: Studying the Impacts of Spatial Resolution A. Dimmock et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020SW002683
- Pulses in Solar Wind Pressure and the Occurrence of Intense Geomagnetically Induced Currents I. Despirak et al. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062873825710967
- Geomagnetic storm of 29–31 October 2003: Geomagnetically induced currents and their relation to problems in the Swedish high‐voltage power transmission system A. Pulkkinen et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004SW000123
- Modeling geomagnetically induced currents in Hokkaido, Japan A. Pulkkinen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2010.05.024
- Calculation of geomagnetically induced currents in the 400 kV power grid in southern Sweden M. Wik et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007SW000343
- Global statistical maps of extreme‐event magnetic observatory 1 min first differences in horizontal intensity J. Love et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068664
- Dependence of time derivative of horizontal geomagnetic field on sunspot number and aa index E. Falayi & B. Rabiu https://doi.org/10.2478/s11600-012-0048-2
- Source field effects in the auroral zone: Evidence from the Slave craton (NW Canada) P. Lezaeta et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2007.05.002
- The latitudinal variation of geoelectromagnetic disturbances during large (Dst≤−100 nT) geomagnetic storms J. Woodroffe et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016SW001376
- Investigation of geomagnetic induced current at high latitude during the storm-time variation E. Falayi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrjag.2017.04.010
- Superposed Epoch Analysis of Nighttime Magnetic Perturbation Events Observed in Arctic Canada M. Engebretson et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029465
- Validating the Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF) for applications in northern Europe N. Kwagala et al. https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020034
- Estimation of the 3-D geoelectric field at the Earth's surface using spherical elementary current systems L. Juusola et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-43-271-2025
- Geomagnetically Induced Current Modeling in New Zealand: Extreme Storm Analysis Using Multiple Disturbance Scenarios and Industry Provided Hazard Magnitudes D. Mac Manus et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003320
- Nowcasting and Validating Earth's Electric Field Response to Extreme Space Weather Events Using Magnetotelluric Data: Application to the September 2017 Geomagnetic Storm and Comparison to Observed and Modeled Fields in Scotland F. Simpson & K. Bahr https://doi.org/10.1029/2019SW002432
- Benchmarking the Swedish Power Grid Against a 1-in-100-Year Geoelectric Field Scenario V. Lanabere et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-44-245-2026
Latest update: 27 Jul 2026
