Type-1 echoes from the mid-latitude E-Region ionosphere

Haldoupis, C.; Farley, D. T.; Schlegel, K.

doi:10.1007/s00585-997-0908-2

Articles | Volume 15, issue 7

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-0908-2

Articles | Volume 15, issue 7

31 Jul 1997

Type-1 echoes from the mid-latitude E-Region ionosphere

C. Haldoupis, D. T. Farley, and K. Schlegel

Viewed

Total article views: 1,797 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

HTML	PDF	XML	Total	BibTeX	EndNote
962	744	91	1,797	123	155

HTML: 962
PDF: 744
XML: 91
Total: 1,797
BibTeX: 123
EndNote: 155

Views and downloads (calculated since 01 Feb 2013)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Feb 2013	1	3	0	4
Mar 2013	7	0	7
Apr 2013	1	4	0	5
May 2013	3	7	0	10
Jun 2013	1	8	0	9
Jul 2013	3	8	0	11
Aug 2013	7	4	0	11
Sep 2013	5	0	5
Oct 2013	3	10	0	13
Nov 2013	1	6	0	7
Dec 2013	6	18	2	26
Jan 2014	4	11	1	16
Feb 2014	2	12	0	14
Mar 2014	9	8	0	17
Apr 2014	1	8	0	9
May 2014	2	6	0	8
Jun 2014	7	0	7
Jul 2014	8	0	8
Aug 2014	1	9	0	10
Sep 2014	1	5	0	6
Oct 2014	5	0	5
Nov 2014	2	5	0	7
Dec 2014	7	0	7
Jan 2015	2	0	2
Feb 2015	1	2	1	4
Mar 2015	1	2	0	3
Apr 2015	6	2	0	8
May 2015	7	1	0	8
Jun 2015	24	1	0	25
Jul 2015	14	1	0	15
Aug 2015	5	5	0	10
Sep 2015	2	3	0	5
Oct 2015	8	3	0	11
Nov 2015	9	1	0	10
Dec 2015	2	3	0	5
Jan 2016	9	5	1	15
Feb 2016	7	4	0	11
Mar 2016	8	2	1	11
Apr 2016	5	3	0	8
May 2016	5	3	0	8
Jun 2016	4	1	0	5
Jul 2016	4	1	0	5
Aug 2016	3	4	0	7
Sep 2016	7	1	0	8
Oct 2016	4	1	0	5
Nov 2016	2	1	0	3
Dec 2016	5	2	0	7
Jan 2017	2	1	0	3
Feb 2017	2	0	2
Mar 2017	5	3	0	8
Apr 2017	6	1	0	7
May 2017	8	1	0	9
Jun 2017	8	2	0	10
Jul 2017	8	3	0	11
Aug 2017	2	3	0	5
Sep 2017	3	4	0	7
Oct 2017	2	0	2
Nov 2017	4	2	1	7
Dec 2017	1	2	0	3
Jan 2018	3	4	0	7
Feb 2018	3	5	0	8
Mar 2018	4	2	0	6
Apr 2018	2	3	0	5
May 2018	4	3	0	7
Jun 2018	2	3	0	5
Jul 2018	3	4	0	7
Aug 2018	3	2	0	5
Sep 2018	3	2	0	5
Oct 2018	1	4	0	5
Nov 2018	5	4	0	9
Dec 2018	3	5	0	8
Jan 2019	5	6	0	11
Feb 2019	9	2	0	11
Mar 2019	4	8	0	12
Apr 2019	1	2	0	3
May 2019	10	7	0	17
Jun 2019	3	3	0	6
Jul 2019	1	1	0	2
Aug 2019	4	3	0	7
Sep 2019	3	1	0	4
Oct 2019	4	5	1	10
Nov 2019	2	3	0	5
Dec 2019	2	3	0	5
Jan 2020	5	6	1	12
Feb 2020	4	3	0	7
Mar 2020	4	8	0	12
Apr 2020	2	4	0	6
May 2020	2	4	0	6
Jun 2020	12	8	0	20
Jul 2020	22	9	6	37
Aug 2020	8	6	2	16
Sep 2020	3	3	0	6
Oct 2020	8	8	1	17
Nov 2020	4	9	0	13
Dec 2020	11	5	0	16
Jan 2021	11	6	0	17
Feb 2021	9	3	0	12
Mar 2021	8	2	0	10
Apr 2021	5	6	0	11
May 2021	4	2	0	6
Jun 2021	6	4	0	10
Jul 2021	7	7	0	14
Aug 2021	6	3	0	9
Sep 2021	11	6	0	17
Oct 2021	7	17	0	24
Nov 2021	5	9	0	14
Dec 2021	8	4	0	12
Jan 2022	7	3	0	10
Feb 2022	3	4	1	8
Mar 2022	5	2	0	7
Apr 2022	5	3	2	10
May 2022	1	2	1	4
Jun 2022	5	3	1	9
Jul 2022	1	1	0	2
Aug 2022	4	3	0	7
Sep 2022	2	4	0	6
Oct 2022	4	0	4
Nov 2022	8	7	0	15
Dec 2022	4	2	0	6
Jan 2023	7	4	0	11
Feb 2023	9	2	0	11
Mar 2023	6	3	0	9
Apr 2023	3	7	0	10
May 2023	6	4	3	13
Jun 2023	1	1	1	3
Jul 2023	7	1	0	8
Aug 2023	3	3	1	7
Sep 2023	4	1	5
Oct 2023	7	2	0	9
Nov 2023	1	1	0	2
Dec 2023	6	0	6
Jan 2024	3	1	4
Feb 2024	3	0	3
Mar 2024	2	3	3	8
Apr 2024	7	1	5	13
May 2024	10	3	5	18
Jun 2024	15	3	2	20
Jul 2024	8	2	2	12
Aug 2024	15	2	3	20
Sep 2024	10	3	0	13
Oct 2024	5	7	1	13
Nov 2024	4	4	1	9
Dec 2024	2	0	2
Jan 2025	2	5	0	7
Feb 2025	10	1	11
Mar 2025	5	4	1	10
Apr 2025	11	4	1	16
May 2025	11	5	1	17
Jun 2025	31	12	1	44
Jul 2025	14	8	0	22
Aug 2025	8	4	2	14
Sep 2025	11	8	1	20
Oct 2025	11	8	0	19
Nov 2025	14	6	2	22
Dec 2025	10	15	1	26
Jan 2026	25	13	3	41
Feb 2026	18	9	3	30
Mar 2026	21	5	4	30
Apr 2026	23	9	2	34
May 2026	11	5	0	16
Jun 2026	2	4	1	7
Jul 2026	9	14	1	24
Aug 2026	3	9	1	13
Sep 2026	26	29	13	68

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 01 Feb 2013)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Feb 2013	1	3	0	4
Mar 2013	7	0	7
Apr 2013	1	4	0	5
May 2013	3	7	0	10
Jun 2013	1	8	0	9
Jul 2013	3	8	0	11
Aug 2013	7	4	0	11
Sep 2013	5	0	5
Oct 2013	3	10	0	13
Nov 2013	1	6	0	7
Dec 2013	6	18	2	26
Jan 2014	4	11	1	16
Feb 2014	2	12	0	14
Mar 2014	9	8	0	17
Apr 2014	1	8	0	9
May 2014	2	6	0	8
Jun 2014	7	0	7
Jul 2014	8	0	8
Aug 2014	1	9	0	10
Sep 2014	1	5	0	6
Oct 2014	5	0	5
Nov 2014	2	5	0	7
Dec 2014	7	0	7
Jan 2015	2	0	2
Feb 2015	1	2	1	4
Mar 2015	1	2	0	3
Apr 2015	6	2	0	8
May 2015	7	1	0	8
Jun 2015	24	1	0	25
Jul 2015	14	1	0	15
Aug 2015	5	5	0	10
Sep 2015	2	3	0	5
Oct 2015	8	3	0	11
Nov 2015	9	1	0	10
Dec 2015	2	3	0	5
Jan 2016	9	5	1	15
Feb 2016	7	4	0	11
Mar 2016	8	2	1	11
Apr 2016	5	3	0	8
May 2016	5	3	0	8
Jun 2016	4	1	0	5
Jul 2016	4	1	0	5
Aug 2016	3	4	0	7
Sep 2016	7	1	0	8
Oct 2016	4	1	0	5
Nov 2016	2	1	0	3
Dec 2016	5	2	0	7
Jan 2017	2	1	0	3
Feb 2017	2	0	2
Mar 2017	5	3	0	8
Apr 2017	6	1	0	7
May 2017	8	1	0	9
Jun 2017	8	2	0	10
Jul 2017	8	3	0	11
Aug 2017	2	3	0	5
Sep 2017	3	4	0	7
Oct 2017	2	0	2
Nov 2017	4	2	1	7
Dec 2017	1	2	0	3
Jan 2018	3	4	0	7
Feb 2018	3	5	0	8
Mar 2018	4	2	0	6
Apr 2018	2	3	0	5
May 2018	4	3	0	7
Jun 2018	2	3	0	5
Jul 2018	3	4	0	7
Aug 2018	3	2	0	5
Sep 2018	3	2	0	5
Oct 2018	1	4	0	5
Nov 2018	5	4	0	9
Dec 2018	3	5	0	8
Jan 2019	5	6	0	11
Feb 2019	9	2	0	11
Mar 2019	4	8	0	12
Apr 2019	1	2	0	3
May 2019	10	7	0	17
Jun 2019	3	3	0	6
Jul 2019	1	1	0	2
Aug 2019	4	3	0	7
Sep 2019	3	1	0	4
Oct 2019	4	5	1	10
Nov 2019	2	3	0	5
Dec 2019	2	3	0	5
Jan 2020	5	6	1	12
Feb 2020	4	3	0	7
Mar 2020	4	8	0	12
Apr 2020	2	4	0	6
May 2020	2	4	0	6
Jun 2020	12	8	0	20
Jul 2020	22	9	6	37
Aug 2020	8	6	2	16
Sep 2020	3	3	0	6
Oct 2020	8	8	1	17
Nov 2020	4	9	0	13
Dec 2020	11	5	0	16
Jan 2021	11	6	0	17
Feb 2021	9	3	0	12
Mar 2021	8	2	0	10
Apr 2021	5	6	0	11
May 2021	4	2	0	6
Jun 2021	6	4	0	10
Jul 2021	7	7	0	14
Aug 2021	6	3	0	9
Sep 2021	11	6	0	17
Oct 2021	7	17	0	24
Nov 2021	5	9	0	14
Dec 2021	8	4	0	12
Jan 2022	7	3	0	10
Feb 2022	3	4	1	8
Mar 2022	5	2	0	7
Apr 2022	5	3	2	10
May 2022	1	2	1	4
Jun 2022	5	3	1	9
Jul 2022	1	1	0	2
Aug 2022	4	3	0	7
Sep 2022	2	4	0	6
Oct 2022	4	0	4
Nov 2022	8	7	0	15
Dec 2022	4	2	0	6
Jan 2023	7	4	0	11
Feb 2023	9	2	0	11
Mar 2023	6	3	0	9
Apr 2023	3	7	0	10
May 2023	6	4	3	13
Jun 2023	1	1	1	3
Jul 2023	7	1	0	8
Aug 2023	3	3	1	7
Sep 2023	4	1	5
Oct 2023	7	2	0	9
Nov 2023	1	1	0	2
Dec 2023	6	0	6
Jan 2024	3	1	4
Feb 2024	3	0	3
Mar 2024	2	3	3	8
Apr 2024	7	1	5	13
May 2024	10	3	5	18
Jun 2024	15	3	2	20
Jul 2024	8	2	2	12
Aug 2024	15	2	3	20
Sep 2024	10	3	0	13
Oct 2024	5	7	1	13
Nov 2024	4	4	1	9
Dec 2024	2	0	2
Jan 2025	2	5	0	7
Feb 2025	10	1	11
Mar 2025	5	4	1	10
Apr 2025	11	4	1	16
May 2025	11	5	1	17
Jun 2025	31	12	1	44
Jul 2025	14	8	0	22
Aug 2025	8	4	2	14
Sep 2025	11	8	1	20
Oct 2025	11	8	0	19
Nov 2025	14	6	2	22
Dec 2025	10	15	1	26
Jan 2026	25	13	3	41
Feb 2026	18	9	3	30
Mar 2026	21	5	4	30
Apr 2026	23	9	2	34
May 2026	11	5	0	16
Jun 2026	2	4	1	7
Jul 2026	9	14	1	24
Aug 2026	3	9	1	13
Sep 2026	26	29	13	68

Cited

Latest update: 23 Sep 2026

Type-1 echoes from the mid-latitude E-Region ionosphere

Viewed

Cited

4 citations as recorded by crossref.