The small-scale structure of VHF mesospheric summer echo layers observed at mid-latitudes

Hooper, D. A.; Thomas, L.

doi:10.1007/s00585-997-1037-7

Articles | Volume 15, issue 8

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-1037-7

Articles | Volume 15, issue 8

31 Aug 1997

The small-scale structure of VHF mesospheric summer echo layers observed at mid-latitudes

D. A. Hooper and L. Thomas

Viewed

Total article views: 1,597 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

HTML	PDF	XML	Total	BibTeX	EndNote
893	630	74	1,597	114	150

HTML: 893
PDF: 630
XML: 74
Total: 1,597
BibTeX: 114
EndNote: 150

Views and downloads (calculated since 01 Feb 2013)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Feb 2013	4	0	4
Mar 2013	6	0	6
Apr 2013	1	5	0	6
May 2013	6	0	6
Jun 2013	1	8	0	9
Jul 2013	2	5	0	7
Aug 2013	9	8	0	17
Sep 2013	4	0	4
Oct 2013	3	8	0	11
Nov 2013	5	0	5
Dec 2013	2	4	0	6
Jan 2014	4	0	4
Feb 2014	1	6	0	7
Mar 2014	11	9	0	20
Apr 2014	1	4	0	5
May 2014	1	5	0	6
Jun 2014	2	5	0	7
Jul 2014	2	8	0	10
Aug 2014	1	7	0	8
Sep 2014	2	6	0	8
Oct 2014	4	0	4
Nov 2014	4	7	0	11
Dec 2014	5	0	5
Jan 2015	2	0	2
Feb 2015	1	1	1	3
Mar 2015	1	0	1
Apr 2015	4	0	4
May 2015	7	3	0	10
Jun 2015	24	2	0	26
Jul 2015	14	2	0	16
Aug 2015	4	3	0	7
Sep 2015	4	1	0	5
Oct 2015	8	1	0	9
Nov 2015	10	0	10
Dec 2015	2	1	0	3
Jan 2016	7	5	0	12
Feb 2016	7	3	0	10
Mar 2016	7	1	1	9
Apr 2016	7	4	0	11
May 2016	10	0	10
Jun 2016	5	0	5
Jul 2016	4	0	4
Aug 2016	4	3	0	7
Sep 2016	6	1	0	7
Oct 2016	4	1	0	5
Nov 2016	2	1	0	3
Dec 2016	4	1	0	5
Jan 2017	2	2	0	4
Feb 2017	3	0	3
Mar 2017	7	1	0	8
Apr 2017	6	1	0	7
May 2017	10	2	0	12
Jun 2017	8	0	8
Jul 2017	9	16	0	25
Aug 2017	3	3	0	6
Sep 2017	2	1	0	3
Oct 2017	3	0	3
Nov 2017	2	1	1	4
Dec 2017	1	2	0	3
Jan 2018	2	3	0	5
Feb 2018	1	0	1
Mar 2018	3	1	0	4
Apr 2018	3	6	0	9
May 2018	3	2	0	5
Jun 2018	2	1	0	3
Jul 2018	5	2	0	7
Aug 2018	3	2	0	5
Sep 2018	5	3	1	9
Oct 2018	1	4	0	5
Nov 2018	4	3	0	7
Dec 2018	3	4	0	7
Jan 2019	3	5	0	8
Feb 2019	4	4	0	8
Mar 2019	4	6	0	10
Apr 2019	3	3	0	6
May 2019	4	4	0	8
Jun 2019	3	11	0	14
Jul 2019	1	3	0	4
Aug 2019	3	2	0	5
Sep 2019	1	2	0	3
Oct 2019	2	8	0	10
Nov 2019	1	7	0	8
Dec 2019	4	3	0	7
Jan 2020	6	6	1	13
Feb 2020	4	2	0	6
Mar 2020	1	6	0	7
Apr 2020	1	2	0	3
May 2020	3	3	0	6
Jun 2020	12	7	0	19
Jul 2020	17	7	4	28
Aug 2020	7	3	2	12
Sep 2020	1	4	0	5
Oct 2020	3	2	0	5
Nov 2020	3	6	0	9
Dec 2020	10	8	0	18
Jan 2021	17	4	0	21
Feb 2021	9	2	0	11
Mar 2021	4	3	0	7
Apr 2021	4	4	0	8
May 2021	6	4	0	10
Jun 2021	7	5	0	12
Jul 2021	6	4	0	10
Aug 2021	5	2	0	7
Sep 2021	10	5	0	15
Oct 2021	4	25	0	29
Nov 2021	4	16	0	20
Dec 2021	7	0	7
Jan 2022	8	6	0	14
Feb 2022	7	3	1	11
Mar 2022	5	4	0	9
Apr 2022	5	1	1	7
May 2022	2	2	1	5
Jun 2022	5	1	6
Jul 2022	3	1	0	4
Aug 2022	7	3	0	10
Sep 2022	6	2	0	8
Oct 2022	3	0	3
Nov 2022	4	7	0	11
Dec 2022	4	3	0	7
Jan 2023	7	5	0	12
Feb 2023	7	2	0	9
Mar 2023	7	3	0	10
Apr 2023	0
May 2023	7	3	3	13
Jun 2023	0
Jul 2023	5	3	0	8
Aug 2023	4	4	1	9
Sep 2023	7	2	9
Oct 2023	6	6	0	12
Nov 2023	0
Dec 2023	5	2	1	8
Jan 2024	4	0	4
Feb 2024	2	2	0	4
Mar 2024	3	4	2	9
Apr 2024	7	4	4	15
May 2024	13	5	7	25
Jun 2024	5	2	2	9
Jul 2024	6	7	1	14
Aug 2024	6	1	2	9
Sep 2024	2	1	0	3
Oct 2024	8	1	1	10
Nov 2024	5	3	1	9
Dec 2024	2	2	0	4
Jan 2025	12	7	3	22
Feb 2025	11	3	14
Mar 2025	5	5	1	11
Apr 2025	12	8	1	21
May 2025	6	2	2	10
Jun 2025	26	6	0	32
Jul 2025	15	15	0	30
Aug 2025	6	4	1	11
Sep 2025	16	5	0	21
Oct 2025	8	12	0	20
Nov 2025	11	4	1	16
Dec 2025	16	10	1	27
Jan 2026	17	11	4	32
Feb 2026	26	6	4	36
Mar 2026	17	6	3	26
Apr 2026	21	9	6	36
May 2026	17	2	0	19
Jun 2026	5	0	5
Jul 2026	6	5	2	13
Aug 2026	2	1	0	3

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 01 Feb 2013)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Feb 2013	4	0	4
Mar 2013	6	0	6
Apr 2013	1	5	0	6
May 2013	6	0	6
Jun 2013	1	8	0	9
Jul 2013	2	5	0	7
Aug 2013	9	8	0	17
Sep 2013	4	0	4
Oct 2013	3	8	0	11
Nov 2013	5	0	5
Dec 2013	2	4	0	6
Jan 2014	4	0	4
Feb 2014	1	6	0	7
Mar 2014	11	9	0	20
Apr 2014	1	4	0	5
May 2014	1	5	0	6
Jun 2014	2	5	0	7
Jul 2014	2	8	0	10
Aug 2014	1	7	0	8
Sep 2014	2	6	0	8
Oct 2014	4	0	4
Nov 2014	4	7	0	11
Dec 2014	5	0	5
Jan 2015	2	0	2
Feb 2015	1	1	1	3
Mar 2015	1	0	1
Apr 2015	4	0	4
May 2015	7	3	0	10
Jun 2015	24	2	0	26
Jul 2015	14	2	0	16
Aug 2015	4	3	0	7
Sep 2015	4	1	0	5
Oct 2015	8	1	0	9
Nov 2015	10	0	10
Dec 2015	2	1	0	3
Jan 2016	7	5	0	12
Feb 2016	7	3	0	10
Mar 2016	7	1	1	9
Apr 2016	7	4	0	11
May 2016	10	0	10
Jun 2016	5	0	5
Jul 2016	4	0	4
Aug 2016	4	3	0	7
Sep 2016	6	1	0	7
Oct 2016	4	1	0	5
Nov 2016	2	1	0	3
Dec 2016	4	1	0	5
Jan 2017	2	2	0	4
Feb 2017	3	0	3
Mar 2017	7	1	0	8
Apr 2017	6	1	0	7
May 2017	10	2	0	12
Jun 2017	8	0	8
Jul 2017	9	16	0	25
Aug 2017	3	3	0	6
Sep 2017	2	1	0	3
Oct 2017	3	0	3
Nov 2017	2	1	1	4
Dec 2017	1	2	0	3
Jan 2018	2	3	0	5
Feb 2018	1	0	1
Mar 2018	3	1	0	4
Apr 2018	3	6	0	9
May 2018	3	2	0	5
Jun 2018	2	1	0	3
Jul 2018	5	2	0	7
Aug 2018	3	2	0	5
Sep 2018	5	3	1	9
Oct 2018	1	4	0	5
Nov 2018	4	3	0	7
Dec 2018	3	4	0	7
Jan 2019	3	5	0	8
Feb 2019	4	4	0	8
Mar 2019	4	6	0	10
Apr 2019	3	3	0	6
May 2019	4	4	0	8
Jun 2019	3	11	0	14
Jul 2019	1	3	0	4
Aug 2019	3	2	0	5
Sep 2019	1	2	0	3
Oct 2019	2	8	0	10
Nov 2019	1	7	0	8
Dec 2019	4	3	0	7
Jan 2020	6	6	1	13
Feb 2020	4	2	0	6
Mar 2020	1	6	0	7
Apr 2020	1	2	0	3
May 2020	3	3	0	6
Jun 2020	12	7	0	19
Jul 2020	17	7	4	28
Aug 2020	7	3	2	12
Sep 2020	1	4	0	5
Oct 2020	3	2	0	5
Nov 2020	3	6	0	9
Dec 2020	10	8	0	18
Jan 2021	17	4	0	21
Feb 2021	9	2	0	11
Mar 2021	4	3	0	7
Apr 2021	4	4	0	8
May 2021	6	4	0	10
Jun 2021	7	5	0	12
Jul 2021	6	4	0	10
Aug 2021	5	2	0	7
Sep 2021	10	5	0	15
Oct 2021	4	25	0	29
Nov 2021	4	16	0	20
Dec 2021	7	0	7
Jan 2022	8	6	0	14
Feb 2022	7	3	1	11
Mar 2022	5	4	0	9
Apr 2022	5	1	1	7
May 2022	2	2	1	5
Jun 2022	5	1	6
Jul 2022	3	1	0	4
Aug 2022	7	3	0	10
Sep 2022	6	2	0	8
Oct 2022	3	0	3
Nov 2022	4	7	0	11
Dec 2022	4	3	0	7
Jan 2023	7	5	0	12
Feb 2023	7	2	0	9
Mar 2023	7	3	0	10
Apr 2023	0
May 2023	7	3	3	13
Jun 2023	0
Jul 2023	5	3	0	8
Aug 2023	4	4	1	9
Sep 2023	7	2	9
Oct 2023	6	6	0	12
Nov 2023	0
Dec 2023	5	2	1	8
Jan 2024	4	0	4
Feb 2024	2	2	0	4
Mar 2024	3	4	2	9
Apr 2024	7	4	4	15
May 2024	13	5	7	25
Jun 2024	5	2	2	9
Jul 2024	6	7	1	14
Aug 2024	6	1	2	9
Sep 2024	2	1	0	3
Oct 2024	8	1	1	10
Nov 2024	5	3	1	9
Dec 2024	2	2	0	4
Jan 2025	12	7	3	22
Feb 2025	11	3	14
Mar 2025	5	5	1	11
Apr 2025	12	8	1	21
May 2025	6	2	2	10
Jun 2025	26	6	0	32
Jul 2025	15	15	0	30
Aug 2025	6	4	1	11
Sep 2025	16	5	0	21
Oct 2025	8	12	0	20
Nov 2025	11	4	1	16
Dec 2025	16	10	1	27
Jan 2026	17	11	4	32
Feb 2026	26	6	4	36
Mar 2026	17	6	3	26
Apr 2026	21	9	6	36
May 2026	17	2	0	19
Jun 2026	5	0	5
Jul 2026	6	5	2	13
Aug 2026	2	1	0	3

Cited

Latest update: 16 Aug 2026

The small-scale structure of VHF mesospheric summer echo layers observed at mid-latitudes

Viewed

Cited

2 citations as recorded by crossref.