the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Ionospheric Plasma Density Measurements by Swarm Langmuir Probes: Limitations and possible Corrections
Abstract. The ESA Swarm constellation includes three satellites, which have been observing the Earth's ionosphere since November 2013, following polar orbits. The main ionospheric plasma parameters, such as electron density and temperature, are measured by means of Langmuir probes (Lps); electron density measurements, in particular, are nowadays largely considered as qualitatively reliable, and have been used in several published papers to date. In this work, we aim to discuss how some technical characteristics of Swarm Lps, such as their size and location on board the satellites, as well as the operational setup of the instruments, could lead to limitations in their accuracy if one underestimates the influence of satellite proximity, and the larger extension of the plasma sheath surrounding the probes due to the operational point of the voltage ripple. Two specific corrections are proposed for the assessment and possible mitigation of such effects. Finally, a comparison is made with electron density measurements from CSES-01 mission, which relies on Langmuir probes as well, whose geometry and operating mode are standard.
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RC1: 'Referee report – angeo-2019-136 - Ionospheric Plasma Density Measurements by Swarm Langmuir Probes: Limitations and possible Corrections - Piero Diego, Igino Coco, Igor Bertello, Maurizio Candidi, Pietro Ubertini', Anonymous Referee #1, 19 Sep 2019
- AC3: 'Answer to Referee 1', Piero Diego, 10 Oct 2019
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SC1: 'Report about the CSES LAP data', Xiuying Wang, 30 Sep 2019
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AC1: 'Answer to SC1', Piero Diego, 10 Oct 2019
- SC3: 'Reply to the answer', Xiuying Wang, 11 Oct 2019
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AC1: 'Answer to SC1', Piero Diego, 10 Oct 2019
-
SC2: 'Comment to the paper angeo-2019-136', Matthias Förster, 02 Oct 2019
- AC2: 'Answer to SC2', Piero Diego, 10 Oct 2019
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RC2: 'Referee#2 comments', Anonymous Referee #2, 03 Oct 2019
- AC4: 'Answer to Referee 2', Piero Diego, 10 Oct 2019
- AC5: 'Final Comment', Piero Diego, 05 Nov 2019
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RC1: 'Referee report – angeo-2019-136 - Ionospheric Plasma Density Measurements by Swarm Langmuir Probes: Limitations and possible Corrections - Piero Diego, Igino Coco, Igor Bertello, Maurizio Candidi, Pietro Ubertini', Anonymous Referee #1, 19 Sep 2019
- AC3: 'Answer to Referee 1', Piero Diego, 10 Oct 2019
-
SC1: 'Report about the CSES LAP data', Xiuying Wang, 30 Sep 2019
-
AC1: 'Answer to SC1', Piero Diego, 10 Oct 2019
- SC3: 'Reply to the answer', Xiuying Wang, 11 Oct 2019
-
AC1: 'Answer to SC1', Piero Diego, 10 Oct 2019
-
SC2: 'Comment to the paper angeo-2019-136', Matthias Förster, 02 Oct 2019
- AC2: 'Answer to SC2', Piero Diego, 10 Oct 2019
-
RC2: 'Referee#2 comments', Anonymous Referee #2, 03 Oct 2019
- AC4: 'Answer to Referee 2', Piero Diego, 10 Oct 2019
- AC5: 'Final Comment', Piero Diego, 05 Nov 2019
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Cited
6 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Annual and semi-annual variations of electron density in the topside ionosphere observed by CSES K. Zhu et al. 10.3389/feart.2023.1098483
- Evaluation of electron density measurements of Swarm and CSES satellites for using in ionospheric studies H. Tabatabaei & M. Mashhadi-Hossainali 10.61186/jgit.11.3.1
- Combining Swarm Langmuir probe observations, LEO-POD-based and ground-based GNSS receivers and ionosondes for prompt detection of ionospheric earthquake and tsunami signatures: case study of 2015 Chile-Illapel event W. Jarmołowski et al. 10.1051/swsc/2021042
- Presheath formation and area design limit satellite-based Langmuir probes C. JIN 靳 et al. 10.1088/2058-6272/ace676
- The Correlation between Ionospheric Electron Density Variations Derived from Swarm Satellite Observations and Seismic Activity at the Australian–Pacific Tectonic Plate Boundary W. Jarmołowski et al. 10.3390/rs15235557
- CSES-01 Electron Density Background Characterisation and Preliminary Investigation of Possible Ne Increase before Global Seismicity W. Chen et al. 10.3390/atmos14101527