Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2024-23
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2024-23
05 Nov 2024
 | 05 Nov 2024
Status: this preprint is currently under review for the journal ANGEO.

Evaluating F10.7 and F30 Radio Fluxes as Long-Term Solar Proxies of Energy Deposition in the Thermosphere

Liying Qian and Kalevi Mursula

Abstract. We use model simulations and observations to examine how well the F10.7 and F30 solar radio fluxes represent solar forcing in the thermosphere during the last 60 years of weakening solar activity. We found that increased saturation of radio fluxes during the last two extended solar minima leads to an overestimation of solar energy deposition, which manifests as a change in the linear relation between thermospheric parameters and F10.7. On the other hand, the linear relation between thermospheric parameters and F30 remains nearly the same throughout the whole studied period because of a recently found relative increase of F30 with respect to F10.7. This explains the earlier finding that F30 correlates better with several ionospheric and thermospheric parameters than F10.7 during the last decades. We note that continued evaluation is needed to see how well F10.7 and F30 will serve as solar proxies in the future when solar activity may start increasing toward the next grand maximum.

Publisher's note: Copernicus Publications remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims made in the text, published maps, institutional affiliations, or any other geographical representation in this preprint. The responsibility to include appropriate place names lies with the authors.
Liying Qian and Kalevi Mursula

Status: open (until 17 Dec 2024)

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
Liying Qian and Kalevi Mursula
Liying Qian and Kalevi Mursula

Viewed

Total article views: 15 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML PDF XML Total BibTeX EndNote
14 1 0 15 0 0
  • HTML: 14
  • PDF: 1
  • XML: 0
  • Total: 15
  • BibTeX: 0
  • EndNote: 0
Views and downloads (calculated since 05 Nov 2024)
Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 05 Nov 2024)

Viewed (geographical distribution)

Total article views: 15 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 15 with geography defined and 0 with unknown origin.
Country # Views %
  • 1
1
 
 
 
 
Latest update: 06 Nov 2024
Download
Short summary
We study how well the F10.7 and F30 solar radio fluxes represent solar energy input in the thermosphere during the last 60 years. We found that increased saturation of radio fluxes at recent solar minima leads to an overestimation of solar energy, which change the relation between thermospheric parameters and F10.7, but this is not an issue for F30 because of a relative increase of F30 with respect to F10.7. This explains why F30 has been found to represent solar energy better than F10.7.