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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ANGEOD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Annales Geophysicae Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ANGEOD</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Ann. Geophys. Discuss.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2568-6402</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/angeo-2020-77</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Requirement of HE-PIXE at High Z Elements in Charnockite Matrix Composition</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Venkata Surya Satyanarayana</surname>
<given-names>Avupati</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5117-9827</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Jagannadha Rao</surname>
<given-names>Mokka</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Seetharami Reddy</surname>
<given-names>Byreddy</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Engineering Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, AP, India</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Geology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, A.P, India</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Department of Nuclear Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, AP, India</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>08</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2020</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>15</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2020 Avupati Venkata Surya Satyanarayana et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://angeo.copernicus.org/preprints/angeo-2020-77/">This article is available from https://angeo.copernicus.org/preprints/angeo-2020-77/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://angeo.copernicus.org/preprints/angeo-2020-77/angeo-2020-77.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://angeo.copernicus.org/preprints/angeo-2020-77/angeo-2020-77.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>&lt;p&gt;The maximum of Proton Induced X-ray Emission analytical technique on metamorphic rocks in geology has used 3&amp;thinsp;MeV range proton beams for excitation of thick targets. Protons of such energies do not accurately excite K-X–rays for high Z elements in matrix geological compositions like charnockite. In this analysis, low-energy PIXE (LE-PIXE) uses K-X-rays of Low Z elements and L-X-ray series for high Z elements. The resulting spectra between K-X-rays of light elements and L-X-rays of heavy elements can require striping techniques to resolve overlap difficulties in matrix composition. The results high Z elements in charnockite are to be expected, as the cross section for K-shell ionization of  high-Z elements have greater values in the proton energy range of  greater than 3&amp;thinsp;MeV in case of charnockite matrix composition. It has been suggested that the overlap of these discrete, gamma-rays with the X-ray spectrum may be serious problem in charnockite high energy PIXE (HE-PIXE) work, sufficient to preclude its use as a viable analytical technique. The conclusion proves that for a very complex matrix charnockite material of unknown chemistry, a HE-PIXE analytical spectrum may contain various X-ray and gamma peaks, some of which may overlap, making the analysis of line identities and the evaluation of X-ray counts intractable. It does not however represent any intrinsic drawback in HE-PIXE, nor does it mean that HE-PIXE is any more or less intractable than many other nuclear analytical techniques. Alternatively, the same analytical tool use could be made of gamma-rays in HE-PIXE as in low energy analytical tools like PIGE, NRA or INAA to obtain the results of charnockite at high Z completely.&lt;/p&gt;</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="15"/></counts>
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