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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ANGEOD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Annales Geophysicae Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ANGEOD</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Ann. Geophys. Discuss.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2568-6402</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/angeo-2018-110</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Wave activity in front of high-&amp;beta; Earth bow shocks</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Petrukovich</surname>
<given-names>Anatoli A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chugunova</surname>
<given-names>Olga M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Shustov</surname>
<given-names>Pavel I.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7038-6784</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Space Research Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia</addr-line>
</aff>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>Russian Science Foundation</funding-source>
<award-id>05-14-00824</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>28</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2018</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>16</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2018 Anatoli A. Petrukovich et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2018</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://angeo.copernicus.org/preprints/angeo-2018-110/">This article is available from https://angeo.copernicus.org/preprints/angeo-2018-110/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://angeo.copernicus.org/preprints/angeo-2018-110/angeo-2018-110.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://angeo.copernicus.org/preprints/angeo-2018-110/angeo-2018-110.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>&lt;p&gt;Earth&apos;s bow shock in high &amp;beta; (ratio of thermal
to magnetic pressure) solar wind environment is relatively rare phenomenon.
However such a plasma
object may be of interest for astrophysics. We survey statistics of
high-&amp;beta; (&amp;beta;&amp;thinsp;&gt;&amp;thinsp;10) shock observations by near-Earth spacecraft since 1995.
Typical solar wind parameters related with high &amp;beta; are: low  speed, high
density and very low IMF 1&amp;ndash;2&amp;thinsp;nT. These conditions
are usually quite transient and need to be verified immediately upstream of
the observed shock crossings.
About a hundred crossings were initially identified mostly with quazi-perpendicular geometry
and high Mach number.
In this report 22 Cluster project crossings are studied with spacecraft
separation within 30&amp;ndash;200&amp;thinsp;km. Observed shock front structure is different
from that for quaziperpendicular supercritical shocks with &amp;beta;&amp;thinsp;=&amp;thinsp;1.
There is no well defined ramp. Dominating magnetic waves have frequency 0.1&amp;ndash;0.5&amp;thinsp;Hz (in some events 1&amp;ndash;2&amp;thinsp;Hz). Polarization has no stable phase
and is closer to linear. In some cases it is possible to
determine  wavelength at 0.1&amp;ndash;0.5&amp;thinsp;Hz of the order of 200&amp;ndash;900&amp;thinsp;km.&lt;/p&gt;</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="16"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
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