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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ANGEO</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Annales Geophysicae</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ANGEO</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Ann. Geophys.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1432-0576</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/angeo-32-975-2014</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Plasma wave mediated attractive potentials: a prerequisite for electron compound formation</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Treumann</surname>
<given-names>R. A.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9783-994X</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Baumjohann</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6271-0110</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Geophysics and Environmental Sciences, Munich University, Munich, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>currently at: International Space Science Institute, Bern, Switzerland</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>22</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>32</volume>
<issue>8</issue>
<fpage>975</fpage>
<lpage>989</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2014 R. A. Treumann</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
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<self-uri xlink:href="https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/32/975/2014/angeo-32-975-2014.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/32/975/2014/angeo-32-975-2014.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Coagulation of electrons to form macro-electrons or compounds in high
temperature plasma is not generally expected to occur. Here we investigate,
based on earlier work, the possibility for such electron compound formation
(non-quantum &quot;pairing&quot;) mediated in the presence of various kinds of
plasma waves via the generation of attractive electrostatic potentials, the
necessary condition for coagulation. We confirm the possibility of
production of attractive potential forces in ion- and electron-acoustic
waves, pointing out the importance of the former and expected consequences.
While electron-acoustic waves presumably do not play any role, ion-acoustic
waves may potentially contribute to formation of heavy electron compounds.
Lower-hybrid waves also mediate compound formation but under different
conditions. Buneman modes which evolve from strong currents may also
potentially cause non-quantum &quot;pairing&quot; among cavity-/hole-trapped
electrons constituting a heavy electron component that populates electron
holes. The number densities are, however, expected to be very small and thus
not viable for justification of macro-particles. All these processes are
found to potentially generate cold compound populations. If such electron
compounds are produced by the attractive forces, the forces provide a
mechanism of cooling a small group of resonant electrons, loosely spoken,
corresponding to classical condensation.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="15"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
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</article>