ANGEO Annales Geophysicae ANGEO Ann. Geophys. 1432-0576 Copernicus Publications Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/angeo-30-303-2012 Spectral energy transfer of atmospheric gravity waves through sum and difference nonlinear interactions Huang K. M. 1 2 3 4 5 Liu A. Z. 3 Zhang S. D. 1 4 5 Yi F. 1 4 5 Li Z. 3 School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, University of Science & Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China Department of Physical Science, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, Florida, USA Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China State Observatory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Wuhan, China 03 02 2012 30 2 303 315 Copyright: © 2012 K. M. Huang et al. 2012 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is available from https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/30/303/2012/angeo-30-303-2012.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/30/303/2012/angeo-30-303-2012.pdf

Nonlinear interactions of gravity waves are studied with a two-dimensional, fully nonlinear model. The energy exchanges among resonant and near-resonant triads are examined in order to understand the spectral energy transfer through interactions. The results show that in both resonant and near-resonant interactions, the energy exchange between two high frequency waves is strong, but the energy transfer from large to small vertical scale waves is rather weak. This suggests that the energy cascade toward large vertical wavenumbers through nonlinear interaction is inefficient, which is different from the rapid turbulence cascade. Because of considerable energy exchange, nonlinear interactions can effectively spread high frequency spectrum, and play a significant role in limiting wave amplitude growth and transferring energy into higher altitudes. In resonant interaction, the interacting waves obey the resonant matching conditions, and resonant excitation is reversible, while near-resonant excitation is not so. Although near-resonant interaction shows the complexity of match relation, numerical experiments show an interesting result that when sum and difference near-resonant interactions occur between high and low frequency waves, the wave vectors tend to approximately match in horizontal direction, and the frequency of the excited waves is also close to the matching value.

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