References

ANGEO

Annales Geophysicae

ANGEO

Ann. Geophys.

1432-0576

Copernicus Publications

Göttingen, Germany

10.5194/angeo-29-1663-2011

Pi 2 waves simultaneously observed by Cluster and CPMN ground-based magnetometers near the plasmapause

Kawano

¹ ² Ohtani

³ Uozumi

² Tokunaga

¹ ⁷ Yoshikawa

¹ ² Yumoto

¹ ² Lucek

E. A.

⁴ André

⁵ the CPMN group

⁶

Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Space Environment Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, USA

Space and Atmospheric Physics Group, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, UK

Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Uppsala, Sweden

<a href="http://denji102.geo.kyushu-u.ac.jp/denji/obs/cpmn/cpmn_obs_e.html" target="_blank">http://denji102.geo.kyushu-u.ac.jp/denji/obs/cpmn/cpmn_obs_e.html</a>

now at: Meiji Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan

28 09 2011

29 9 1663 1672

2011

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

This article is available from https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/29/1663/2011/angeo-29-1663-2011.html

The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/29/1663/2011/angeo-29-1663-2011.pdf

We have analyzed an event on 14 February 2003 in which Cluster satellites and the CPMN ground magnetometer chain made simultaneous observations of a Pi 2 pulsation along the same meridian. Three of the four Cluster satellites were located outside the plasmasphere, while the other one was located within the plasmasphere. By combining the multipoint observations in space and the multipoint observations on the ground, we have obtained a detailed L-profile of the Pi 2 signatures, which has not been done in the past. In addition, we have used a method called Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to separate out other superposed waves with similar spectral components. The result shows that the wave phase of the Pi 2 was the same up to L &sim; 3.9 (corresponding to the plasmasphere), became earlier up to L &sim; 4.1 (corresponding to the plasmapause boundary layer), and showed a delaying tendency up to L &sim; 5.9 (corresponding to the plasmatrough). This systematic phase pattern, obtained for the first time by a combination of a ground magnetometer chain and multisatellites along a magnetic meridian with the aid of ICA, supports the interpretation that a Pi 2 signal propagated from a farther source and reached the plasmasphere.

References 1

Baker, K. B. and Wing, S.: A new magnetic coordinate system for conjugate studies at high latitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 94(A7), 9139–9144, 1989.

Balogh, A., Carr, C. M., Acuña, M. H., Dunlop, M. W., Beek, T. J., Brown, P., Fornacon, K.-H., Georgescu, E., Glassmeier, K.-H., Harris, J., Musmann, G., Oddy, T., and Schwingenschuh, K.: The Cluster Magnetic Field Investigation: overview of in-flight performance and initial results, Ann. Geophys., 19, 1207–1217, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-19-1207-2001">https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-19-1207-2001</a>, 2001.

Carpenter, D. L. and Anderson, R. R.:, An ISEE/Whistler model of equatorial electron density in the magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 1097–1108, 1992.

Chi, P. J., Russell, C. T., and Ohtani, S.: Substorm onset timing via traveltime magnetoseismology, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L08107, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GL036574">https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL036574</a>, 2009.

Collier, A. B., Hughes, A. R. W., Blomberg, L. G., and Sutcliffe, P. R.: Evidence of standing waves during a Pi2 pulsation event observed on Cluster, Ann. Geophys., 24, 2719–2733, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-2719-2006">https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-2719-2006</a>, 2006.

Escoubet, C. P., Fehringer, M., and Goldstein, M.: Introduction The Cluster mission, Ann. Geophys., 19, 1197–1200, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-19-1197-2001">https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-19-1197-2001</a>, 2001.

Fujita, S., Mizuta, T., Itonaga, M., Yoshikawa, A., and Nakata, H.: Propagation property of transient MHD impulses in the magnetosphere-ionosphere System: The 2D model of the Pi2 pulsation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(11), 2161–2164, 2001.

Fujita, S., Nakata, H., Itonaga, M., Yoshikawa, A., and Mizuta, T.: A numerical simulation of the Pi2 pulsations associated with the substorm current wedge, J. Geophys. Res., 107, A3, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JA900137">https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JA900137</a>, 2002.

Hsu, T.-S. and McPherron, R. L.: A statistical study of the relation of Pi 2 and plasma flows in the tail, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A05209, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JA011782">https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JA011782</a>, 2007.

Hyvärinen, A.: Fast and robust fixed-point algorithms for Independent Component Analysis, IEEE T. Neural Network., 10(3), 626–634, 1999.

Hyvärinen, A., Karhunen, J., and Erkki, O.: Independent Component Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., ISBN 9780471405405, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471221317">https://doi.org/10.1002/0471221317</a>, 2001.

Gustafsson, G., Boström, R., Holback, B., Holmgren, G., Lundgren, A., Stasiewicz, K., Åhlén, L., Mozer, F. S., Pankow, D., Harvey, P., Berg, P., Ulrich, R., Pedersen, A., Schmidt, R., Butler, A., Fransen, A. W. C., Klinge, D., Thomsen, M., Fälthammar, C.-G., Lindqvist, P.-A., Christenson, S., Holtet, J., Lybekk, B., Sten, T. A., Tanskanen, P., Lappalainen, K., and Wygant, J.: The Electric Field and Wave Experiment for Cluster, Space Sci. Rev., 79, 137–156, 1997.

Lee, D.-H. and Lysak, R. L.: MHD waves in a three-dimensional dipolar magnetic field: A search for Pi 2 pulsations, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 28691–28699, 1999.

Olson, J. V.: Pi2 pulsations and substorm onsets: A review, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 17499–17520, 1999.

Pedersen, A., Lybekk, B., André, M., Eriksson, A., Masson, A., Mozer, F. S., Lindqvist, P.-A., Décréau, P. M. E., Dandouras, I., Sauvaud, J.-A., Fazakerley, A., Taylor, M., Paschmann, G., Svenes, K. R., Torkar, K., and Whipple, E.: Electron density estimations derived from spacecraft potential measurements on Cluster in tenuous plasma regions, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A07S33, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012636">https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012636</a>, 2008.

Rème, H., Aoustin, C., Bosqued, J. M., Dandouras, I., Lavraud, B., Sauvaud, J. A., Barthe, A., Bouyssou, J., Camus, Th., Coeur-Joly, O., Cros, A., Cuvilo, J., Ducay, F., Garbarowitz, Y., Medale, J. L., Penou, E., Perrier, H., Romefort, D., Rouzaud, J., Vallat, C., Alcaydé, D., Jacquey, C., Mazelle, C., d'Uston, C., Möbius, E., Kistler, L. M., Crocker, K., Granoff, M., Mouikis, C., Popecki, M., Vosbury, M., Klecker, B., Hovestadt, D., Kucharek, H., Kuenneth, E., Paschmann, G., Scholer, M., Sckopke, N., Seidenschwang, E., Carlson, C. W., Curtis, D. W., Ingraham, C., Lin, R. P., McFadden, J. P., Parks, G. K., Phan, T., Formisano, V., Amata, E., Bavassano-Cattaneo, M. B., Baldetti, P., Bruno, R., Chionchio, G., Di Lellis, A., Marcucci, M. F., Pallocchia, G., Korth, A., Daly, P. W., Graeve, B., Rosenbauer, H., Vasyliunas, V., McCarthy, M., Wilber, M., Eliasson, L., Lundin, R., Olsen, S., Shelley, E. G., Fuselier, S., Ghielmetti, A. G., Lennartsson, W., Escoubet, C. P., Balsiger, H., Friedel, R., Cao, J.-B., Kovrazhkin, R. A., Papamastorakis, I., Pellat, R., Scudder, J., and Sonnerup, B.: First multispacecraft ion measurements in and near the Earth's magnetosphere with the identical Cluster ion spectrometry (CIS) experiment, Ann. Geophys., 19, 1303–1354, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-19-1303-2001">https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-19-1303-2001</a>, 2001.

Sutcliffe, P. R. and Yumoto, K.: On the cavity mode nature of low latitude Pi 2 pulsations, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 1543–1551, 1991.

Takahashi, K. and Anderson, B. J.: Distribution of ULF energy ($f<80$ mHz) in the inner magnetosphere: A statistical analysis of AMPTEE CCE magnetic field data, J. Geophys. Res. 97, 10751–10773, 1992.

Takahashi, K., Ohtani, S., and Anderson, B. J.: Statistical analysis of Pi 2 pulsations observed by the AMPTE CCE spacecraft in the inner magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 21929–21941, 1995.

Takahashi, K., Ohtani, S., Hughes, W. J., and Anderson, R. R.: CRRES observation of Pi2 pulsations: Wave mode inside and outside the plasmasphere, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 15567–15581, 2001.

Takahashi, K., Lee, D., Nose, M., Anderson, R. R., and Hughes, W. J.: CRRES electric field study of the radial mode structure of Pi 2 pulsations, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A5), 1210, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002JA009761">https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JA009761</a>, 2003.

Tokunaga, T., Kohta, H., Yoshikawa, A., Uozumi, T., and Yumoto, K.: Global features of Pi 2 pulsations obtained by independent component analysis, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L14106, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030174">https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030174</a>, 2007.

Torkar, K., Riedler, W., Escoubet, C. P., Fehringer, M., Schmidt, R., Grard, R. J. L., Arends, H., Rüdenauer, F., Steiger, W., Narheim, B. T., Svenes, K., Torbert, R., André, M., Fazakerley, A., Goldstein, R., Olsen, R. C., Pedersen, A., Whipple, E., and Zhao, H.: Active spacecraft potential control for Cluster – implementation and first results, Ann. Geophys., 19, 1289–1302, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-19-1289-2001">https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-19-1289-2001</a>, 2001.

Tsyganenko, N. A.: Effects of the solar wind conditions on the global magnetospheric configuration as deduced from data-based field models, Proc. Third International Conference on Substorms (ICS-3), Versailles, France, 12–17 May 1996, ESA SP-389, October 1996.

Uozumi, T., Yumoto, K., Kawano, H., Yoshikawa, A., Olson, J. V., Solovyev, S. I., and Vershinin, E. F.: Characteristics of energy transfer of Pi 2 magnetic pulsations: Latitudinal dependence, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27(11), 1619–1622, 2000.

Uozumi, T., Yumoto, K., Kawano, H., Yoshikawa, A., Ohtani, S., Olson, J. V., Akasofu, S.-I., Solovyev, S. I., Vershinin, E. F., Liou, K., and Meng, C.-I.: Propagation characteristics of Pi 2 magnetic pulsations observed at ground high latitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A08203, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JA009898">https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JA009898</a>, 2004.

Uozumi, T., Kawano, H., Yoshikawa, A., Itonaga, M., and Yumoto, K.: Pi 2 source region in the magnetosphere deduced from CPMN data, Planet. Space Sci., 55, 849–857, 2007.

Uozumi, T., Abe, S., Kitamura, K., Tokunaga, T., Yoshikawa, A., Kawano, H., Marshall, R., Morris, R. J., Shevtsov, B. M., Solovyev, S. I., McNamara, D. J., Liou, K., Ohtani, S., Itonaga, M., and Yumoto, K.: Propagation characteristics of Pi 2 pulsations observed at high- and low-latitude MAGDAS/CPMN stations: A statistical study, J. Geophys. Res., 114, A11207, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JA014163">https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JA014163</a>, 2009.

Yeoman, T. K. and Orr, D.: Phase and spectral power of mid-latitude Pi2 pulsations: Evidence for a plasmaspheric cavity resonance, Planet. Space Sci., 37, 1367–1383, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(89)90107-4">https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(89)90107-4</a>, 1989.

Yumoto, K. and the 210MM Magnetic Observation Group: The STEP 210 magnetic meridian network project, J. Geomagn. Geoelectr., 48, 1297–1310, 1996.

Yumoto, K. and the CPMN Group: Characteristics of Pi 2 magnetic pulsations observed at the CPMN stations: A review of the STEP results, Earth Planets Space, 53, 981–992, 2001.