<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/nlm-dtd/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ANGEO</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Annales Geophysicae</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ANGEO</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Ann. Geophys.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1432-0576</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/angeo-27-3677-2009</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>On acceleration of &amp;lt;1 MeV/n He ions in the corotating compression regions near 1 AU: STEREO observations</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Bučík</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mall</surname>
<given-names>U.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Korth</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mason</surname>
<given-names>G. M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Experimental Physics, 04001 Košice, Slovakia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<issue>9</issue>
<fpage>3677</fpage>
<lpage>3690</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2009 R. Bučík et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/27/3677/2009/angeo-27-3677-2009.html">This article is available from https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/27/3677/2009/angeo-27-3677-2009.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/27/3677/2009/angeo-27-3677-2009.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/27/3677/2009/angeo-27-3677-2009.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Observations of multi-MeV corotating interaction region (CIR) ions are in general consistent with models
of CIR shock acceleration and transport. The presence of suprathermal particles near 1 AU in unshocked
compression regions is not adequately explained. Nonetheless, more recent works demonstrate that
unshocked compression regions associated with CIRs near 1 AU could energize particles. In the energy
range from ~0.1 to ~1 MeV/n we investigate CIR events observed in 2007–2008 by the STEREO A and B
spacecraft. We treat the predictions of compression acceleration by comparing the observed ion
intensities with the model parameters. These observations show that the ion intensity in CIR events with
in-situ reverse shock is well organized by the parameters which characterize the compression region
itself, like compression width, solar wind speed gradients and the total pressure. In turn, for CIR
events with the absence of the shocks the model predictions are not fulfilled.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="14"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
<ref-list>
<title>References</title>
<ref id="ref1">
<label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Acuña, M. H., Curtis, D., Scheifele, J. L., Russell, C. T., Schroeder, P., Szabo, A., and Luhmann, J. G.: The STEREO/IMPACT Magnetic Field Experiment, Space Sci. Rev., 136, 203–226, 2008.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref2">
<label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Barnes, C. W. and Simpson, J. A.: Evidence for interplanetary acceleration of nucleons in corotating interaction regions, Astrophys. J., 210, 91–96, 1976.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref3">
<label>3</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Belcher, J. W. and Davis Jr., L.: Large-amplitude Alfvén waves in the interplanetary medium, 2., J. Geophys. Res., 76, 3534–3563, 1971.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref4">
<label>4</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Bučík, R., Gómez-Herrero, R., Korth, A., Mall, U., and Mason, G. M.: Energetic ions from corotating interaction regions during small solar events in May 2007, in: Proceedings of the 21st European Cosmic Ray Symposium, Košice, Slovakia, 9–12 September 2008, 322–327, 2009.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref5">
<label>5</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Burlaga, L. F.: Interplanetary magnetohydrodynamics, Oxford University Press, New York, 1995.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref6">
<label>6</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Chotoo, K., Schwadron, N. A., Mason, G. M., Zurbuchen, T. H., Gloeckler, G., Posner, A., Fisk, L. A., Galvin, A. B., Hamilton, D. C., and Collier, M. R.: The suprathermal seed population for corotating interaction region ions at $1 &lt;abbr&gt;AU}$&lt;/abbr&gt; deduced from composition and spectra of \chem{H^+}, \chem{He&lt;sup&gt;++&lt;/sup&gt;, and \chem{He^+} observed on Wind, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 23107–23122, 2000.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref7">
<label>7</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Christon, S. P. and Simpson, J. A.: Separation of corotating nucleon fluxes from solar flare fluxes by radial gradients and nuclear composition,  Astrophys. J., 227, 49–53, 1979.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref8">
<label>8</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Dwyer, J. R., Mason, G. M., Mazur, J. E., Jokipii, J. R., von Rosenvinge, T. T., and Lepping, R. P.: Perpendicular transport of low-energy corotating interaction region – associated nuclei, Astrophys. J., 490, 115–118, 1997.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref9">
<label>9</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Fisk, L. A. and Gloeckler, G.: The common spectrum for accelerated ions in the quiet-time solar wind, Astrophys. J., 640, 79–82, 2006.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref10">
<label>10</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Fisk, L. A. and Lee, M. A.: Shock acceleration of energetic particles in corotating interaction regions in the solar wind, Astrophys. J., 237, 620–626, 1980.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref11">
<label>11</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Galvin, A. B., Kistler, L. M., Popecki, M. A., et al.: The Plasma and Suprathermal Ion Composition (PLASTIC) investigation on the STEREO observatories, Space Sci. Rev., 136, 437–486, 2008.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref12">
<label>12</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Giacalone, J. and Jokipii, J. R.: Spatial variation of accelerated pickup ions at co-rotating interaction regions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1723–1726, 1997.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref13">
<label>13</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Giacalone, J., Jokipii, J. R., and Kóta, J.: Particle acceleration in solar wind compression regions, Astrophys. J., 573, 845–850, 2002.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref14">
<label>14</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Gómez-Herrero, R., Klassen, A., Müller-Mellin, R., Heber, B., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R., and Böttcher, S: Recurrent CIR-accelerated ions observed by STEREO SEPT, J. Geophys. Res., 114, A05101, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JA013755, 2009.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref15">
<label>15</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Gosling, J. T. and Pizzo, V. J.: Formation and evolution of corotating interaction regions and their three dimensional structure, Space Sci. Rev., 89, 21–52, 1999.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref16">
<label>16</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Hundhausen, A. J. and Gosling, J. T.: Solar wind structure at large heliocentric distances - an interpretation of Pioneer 10 observations, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 1436–1440, 1976.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref17">
<label>17</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Intriligator, D. S. and Siscoe, G. L.: Stream interfaces and energetic ions closer than expected: Analyses of Pioneers 10 and 11 observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 1117–1120, 1994.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref18">
<label>18</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Jian, L., Russell, C. T., Luhmann, J. G., and Skoug, R. M.: Properties of stream interactions at one &lt;abbr&gt;AU&lt;/abbr&gt; during 1995–2004, Solar Phys., 239, 337–392, 2006.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref19">
<label>19</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Kaiser, M. L., Kucera, T. A., Davila, J. M., St. Cyr, O. C., Guhathakurta, M., and Christian, E.: The STEREO mission: An introduction, Space Sci. Rev., 136, 5–16, 2008.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref20">
<label>20</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Kallenbach, R., Geiss, J., Gloeckler, G., and von Steiger, R.: Pick-up ion measurements in the heliosphere – a review, Astrophys. Space Sci., 274, 97–114, 2000.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref21">
<label>21</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Klecker, B., Bogdanov, A. T., Galvin, A. T., Ipavich, F. M., Hilchenbach, M., Möbius. E., and Bochsler, P.: On the variability of suprathermal \chem{He^+} ions at $1 &lt;abbr&gt;AU&lt;/abbr&gt;$, in: Proceedings of ICRC 2001, 3100–3103, 2001.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref22">
<label>22</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Kocharov, L., Kovaltsov, G. A., Torsti, J., Anttila, A., and Sahla, T.: Modeling the propagation of solar energetic particles in corotating compression regions of solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 1404, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JA009928, 2003.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref23">
<label>23</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Mason, G. M.: Composition and energy spectra of ions accelerated in corotating interaction regions, in: Acceleration and Transport of Energetic Particles Observed in the Heliosphere: ACE 2000 Symposium, AIP Conference Proc., 528, 234–241, 2000.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref24">
<label>24</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Mason, G. M., Mazur, J. E., Dwyer, J. R., Reames, D. V., and von Rosenvinge, T. T.: New spectral and abundance features of interplanetary heavy ions in corotating interaction regions, Astrophys. J., 486, 149–152, 1997.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref25">
<label>25</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Mason, G. M., von Steiger, R., Decker, R. B., et al.: Origin, injection, and acceleration of CIR particles: Observations, Space Sci. Rev., 89, 327–367, 1999.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref26">
<label>26</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Mason, G. M., Leske, R. A., Desai, M. I., Cohen, C. M. S., Dwyer, J. R., Mazur, J. E., Mewaldt, R. A., Gold, R. E., and Krimigis, S. M.: Abundances and energy spectra of corotating interaction region heavy ions observed during solar cycle 23, Astrophys. J., 678, 1458–1470, 2008a.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref27">
<label>27</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Mason, G. M., Korth, A., Walpole, P. H., Desai, M. I., von Rosenvinge, T. T., and Shuman, S. A.: The Suprathermal Ion Telescope (SIT) for the IMPACT/SEP investigation, Space Sci. Rev., 136, 257–284, 2008b.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref28">
<label>28</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Mason, G. M., Desai, M. I., Mall, U., Korth, A., Bucik, R., von Rosenvinge, T. T., and Simunac, K. D.: In situ observations of CIRs on STEREO, Wind, and ACE During 2007–2008, Solar Phys., 256, 393–408, 2009.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref29">
<label>29</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Mewaldt, R. A., Cohen, C. M. S., Cook, W. R., et al.: The Low-Energy Telescope (LET) and SEP central electronics for the STEREO mission, Space Sci. Rev., 136, 285–362, 2008.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref30">
<label>30</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Möbius, E., Hovestadt, D., Klecker, B., Scholer, M., Gloeckler, G., and Ipavich, F. M.: Direct observation of \chem{He^+} pick-up ions of interstellar origin in the solar wind, Nature, 318, 426–429, 1985.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref31">
<label>31</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Möbius, E., Morris, D., Popecki, M. A., Klecker, B., Kistler, L. M., and Galvin, A. B.: Charge states of energetic ($\approx0.5 &lt;abbr&gt;MeV/n&lt;/abbr&gt;$) ions in corotating interaction regions at $1 &lt;abbr&gt;AU&lt;/abbr&gt;$ and implications on source populations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1016, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL01 3410, 2002.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref32">
<label>32</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Richardson, I. G.: Low energy ions in co-rotating interaction regions at $1 &lt;abbr&gt;AU&lt;/abbr&gt;$: Evidence for statistical ion acceleration, Planet. Space Sci., 33, 557–569, 1985.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref33">
<label>33</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Richardson, I. G.: Energetic particles and corotating interaction regions in the solar wind, Space Sci. Rev., 111, 267–376, 2004.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref34">
<label>34</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Richardson, I. G. and Zwickl, R. D.: Low energy ions in corotating interaction regions at $1 &lt;abbr&gt;AU&lt;/abbr&gt;$: Observations, Planet. Space Sci., 32, 1179–1193, 1984.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref35">
<label>35</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Sanderson, T. R., Lin, R. P., Larson, D. E., et al.: Wind observations of the influence of the Sun&apos;s magnetic field on the interplanetary medium at $1 &lt;abbr&gt;AU&lt;/abbr&gt;$, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 17235–17247, 1998.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref36">
<label>36</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Schwadron, N. A., Fisk, L. A., and Gloeckler, G.: Statistical acceleration of interstellar pick-up ions in co-rotating interaction regions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 2871–2874, 1996.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref37">
<label>37</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Siscoe, G. L.: Three-dimensional aspects of interplanetary shock waves, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 6235–6241, 1976.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref38">
<label>38</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Smith, E. J. and Wolfe, J. H.: Fields and plasmas in the outer solar system, Space Sci. Rev., 23, 217–252, 1979.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref39">
<label>39</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">Zhang, M.: Theory of energetic particle transport in the magnetosphere: A noncanonical approach, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A04208, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JA011323, 2006.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>