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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ANGEO</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Annales Geophysicae</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ANGEO</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Ann. Geophys.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1432-0576</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/angeo-24-97-2006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Space weather impact on the equatorial and low latitude F-region ionosphere over India</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dabas</surname>
<given-names>R. S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Das</surname>
<given-names>R. M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Vohra</surname>
<given-names>V. K.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Devasia</surname>
<given-names>C. V.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Radio and Atmospheric Sciences Division, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi-110012, India</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Center, Trivandrum – 695 022, India</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>07</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>24</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>97</fpage>
<lpage>105</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2006 R. S. Dabas et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2006</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/24/97/2006/angeo-24-97-2006.html">This article is available from https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/24/97/2006/angeo-24-97-2006.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/24/97/2006/angeo-24-97-2006.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/24/97/2006/angeo-24-97-2006.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>For a detailed study of the space weather impact on the
equatorial and low latitude F-region, the ionospheric response features are
analysed during the periods of three recent and most severe magnetic storm
events of the present solar cycle which occurred in October and November 2003, and
November 2004. The F-layer base height (&lt;I&gt;h&lt;/I&gt;&apos;F), peak height (&lt;I&gt;hm&lt;/I&gt;F2) and
critical frequency (&lt;I&gt;fo&lt;/I&gt;F2) data, from Trivandrum, an equatorial station and
Delhi, a low latitude location, are examined during the three magnetic storm
periods. The results of the analysis clearly shows that the height of
the F-region (both &lt;I&gt;h&lt;/I&gt;&apos;F and &lt;I&gt;hm&lt;/I&gt;F2), at the equator and low latitude, simultaneously
increases by 200 to 300 km, in association with maximum negative excursion
of &lt;i&gt;D&lt;sub&gt;st&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; values around the midnight hours with a large depletion of ionization over
the equator, which is followed by an ionization enhancement at low latitude
during the recovery phase of the storm. At Delhi, fast variations up to 200 m/s
are also observed in the F-layer vertical upward/downward velocity,
calculated using Doppler shifts, associated with the maximum negative
excursion of &lt;i&gt;D&lt;sub&gt;st&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;. This shows that during magnetic disturbances, the equatorial
ionization anomaly (EIA) expands to a much wider latitude than the normal
fountain driven by the E/F-layer dynamo electric fields. It is also observed
that during the main phase of the storm, at low latitude there is generally
an enhancement of F-region ionization with an increase in &lt;I&gt;h&lt;/I&gt;&apos;F/&lt;I&gt;hm&lt;/I&gt;F2 but
in the equatorial region, the ionization collapses with a decrease in &lt;I&gt;h&lt;/I&gt;&apos;F/&lt;I&gt;hm&lt;/I&gt;F2, especially
after sunset hours. In addition, at the equator the normal pre-sunset hours&apos;
enhancement in &lt;I&gt;h&lt;/I&gt;&apos;F is considerably suppressed during storm periods. This
might be due to changes in magnitude and direction of the zonal electric
field affecting the upward &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;E&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;times;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;B&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; drift and hence the plasma distribution in
the form of a decrease in electron density in the equatorial region and an
increase in the low latitude region. In association with disturbance
electric fields, the enhanced storm-induced equatorward meridional winds in
the thermosphere can also further amplify the F-layer height rise at low
latitudes during the post-midnight hours, as observed in two of the storm
periods.</p>
</abstract>
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