ANGEO Annales Geophysicae ANGEO Ann. Geophys. 1432-0576 Copernicus Publications Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/angeo-24-2333-2006 Probing of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances using HF-induced scatter targets Blagoveshchenskaya N. F. 1 Borisova T. D. 1 Kornienko V. A. 1 Moskvin I. V. 1 Rietveld M. T. 2 Frolov V. L. 3 Uryadov V. P. 3 Kagan L. M. 4 Yampolski Yu. M. 5 Galushko V. L. 5 Koloskov A. V. 5 Kasheev S. B. 5 Zalizovski A. V. 5 Vertogradov G. G. 6 Vertogradov V. G. 6 Kelley M. C. 7 Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia EISCAT Scientific Association, Ramfjordbotn, Norway Radiophysical Research Institute, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada Institute of Radio Astronomy NAS, Kharkov, Ukraine Rostov-on-Don State University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA 20 09 2006 24 9 2333 2345 Copyright: © 2006 N. F. Blagoveshchenskaya et al. 2006 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is available from https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/24/2333/2006/angeo-24-2333-2006.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/24/2333/2006/angeo-24-2333-2006.pdf

Experimental results from the Tromsø and Sura heating experiments at high and mid-latitudes are examined. It is shown that the combination of HF-induced target and bi-static HF Doppler radio scatter observations is a profitable method for probing medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) at high and mid-latitudes. HF ionospheric modification experiments provide a way of producing the HF-induced scatter target in a controlled manner at altitudes where the sensitivity to TIDs is highest. Bi-static HF Doppler radio scatter observations were carried out on the London-Tromsø-St. Petersburg path in the course of a Tromsø heating experiment on 16 November 2004 when the pump wave was reflected from an auroral Es-layer. During Sura heating experiments on 19 and 20 August 2004, when the HF pump wave was reflected from the F2 ionospheric layer, multi-position bi-static HF Doppler radio scatter observations were simultaneously performed at three reception points including St. Petersburg, Kharkov, and Rostov-on-Don. Ray tracing and Doppler shift simulations were made for all experiments. A computational technique has been developed allowing the reconstruction of the TID phase velocities from multi-position bi-static HF Doppler scatters. Parameters of medium-scale TIDs were found. In all experiments they were observed in the evening and pre-midnight hours. TIDs in the auroral E-region with periods of about 23 min were traveling southward at speeds of 210 m/s. TIDs in the mid-latitudinal F-region with periods from 20 to 45 min travelled at speeds between 40 and 150 m/s. During quiet magnetic conditions the waves were traveling in the north-east direction. In disturbed conditions the waves were moving in the south-west direction with higher speeds as compared with quiet conditions. Possible sources for the atmospheric gravity waves at middle and high latitudes are discussed.

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