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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ANGEO</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Annales Geophysicae</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ANGEO</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Ann. Geophys.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1432-0576</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/angeo-22-2345-2004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Nonstationarity of quasi-perpendicular shocks: a comparison of full particle simulations with different ion to electron mass ratio</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Scholer</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Matsukiyo</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, 85741 Garching, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>14</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>22</volume>
<issue>7</issue>
<fpage>2345</fpage>
<lpage>2353</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2004 M. Scholer</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2004</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
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<self-uri xlink:href="https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/22/2345/2004/angeo-22-2345-2004.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/22/2345/2004/angeo-22-2345-2004.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>We have performed 3 one-dimensional full particle electromagnetic
simulations of a quasi-perpendicular shock with the same Alfv&amp;#233;n
Mach number &lt;i&gt;M&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;=4.5, shock normal - magnetic field angle &amp;Theta;&lt;i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Bn&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;=87&amp;deg;, and ion and electron beta (particle to magnetic field
pressure) of 0.05, but with different ion to electron mass ratios
(&lt;i&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt;/m&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;=80, 400, 1840). At high ion beta it has
been shown previously that the shock is steady. At low ion beta,
as in the present simulations,
the shock periodically reforms itself. However, whereas at
unrealistically low mass ratios the reformation is due to
accumulation of specularly reflected particles at the upstream
edge of the foot, at the realistic mass ratio the modified
two-stream instability between the incoming solar wind ions and
solar wind electrons leads to ion phase mixing and thermalization.
The
reformation process is thereby considerably modified.
At the lowest mass
ratio the Buneman instability  between the solar wind electrons
and the reflected ions is excited,
which is stabilized at higher mass ratios.</p>
</abstract>
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</article-meta>
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