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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ANGEO</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Annales Geophysicae</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ANGEO</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Ann. Geophys.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1432-0576</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Springer Verlag</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00585-999-0375-z</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Stationary magnetospheric convection on November 24, 1981. 2. Small-scale structures in the dayside cusp/cleft</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Galperin</surname>
<given-names>Y. I.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Bosqued</surname>
<given-names>J. M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kovrazhkin</surname>
<given-names>R. A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yahnin</surname>
<given-names>A. G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Space Research Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117810, Moscow, Russia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Centre d&apos;Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9, Avenue du Colonel Roche-31028 Toulouse Cedex, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Polar Geophysical Institute, Apatity, Murmansk region, 184200, Russia</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>31</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>1999</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>375</fpage>
<lpage>388</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 1999 Y. I. Galperin et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>1999</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>© European Geosciences Union 1999</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/17/375/1999/angeo-17-375-1999.html">This article is available from https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/17/375/1999/angeo-17-375-1999.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/17/375/1999/angeo-17-375-1999.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/17/375/1999/angeo-17-375-1999.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>A case study of the dayside cusp/cleft region
during an interval of stationary magnetospheric convection (SMC) on November,
24, 1981 is presented, based on detailed measurements made by the AUREOL-3
satellite. Layered small-scale field-aligned current sheets, or loops,
superimposed to a narrow V-shaped ion dispersion structure, were observed just
equatorward from the region of the &amp;quot;cusp proper&amp;quot;. The equatorward
sheet was accompanied by a very intense and short (less than 1 s) ion intensity
spike at 100 eV. No major differences were noted of the characteristics of the
LLBL, or &amp;quot;boundary cusp&amp;quot;, and plasma mantle precipitation during this
SMC period from those typical of the cusp/cleft region for similar IMF
conditions. Simultaneous NOAA-6 and NOAA-7 measurements described in Despirak &lt;i&gt;et
al&lt;/i&gt;. were used to estimate the average extent of the &amp;quot;cusp proper&amp;quot;
(defined by dispersed precipitating ions with the energy flux exceeding 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;
erg cm&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) during the SMC period, as ~0.73° ILAT
width, 2.6-3.4 h in MLT, and thus the recently merged magnetic flux, 0.54-0.70
× 10&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt; Wb. This, together with the average drift velocity across the
cusp at the convection throat, ~0.5 km s&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, allowed to evaluate
the cusp merging contribution to the total cross-polar cap potential difference,
~33.8-43.8 kV. It amounts to a quite significant part of the total
cross-polar cap potential difference evaluated from other data. A
&amp;quot;shutter&amp;quot; scenario is suggested for the ion beam injection/penetration
through the stagnant plasma region in the outer cusp to explain the pulsating
nature of the particle injections in the low- and medium-altitude cusp region.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Key words.&lt;/b&gt; Magnetospheric physics (current systems;
magnetopause · cusp · and boundary layers; solar wind-magnetosphere
interactions).</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="14"/></counts>
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